The most southerly geographical features of various types are listed here.
Cities and settlements [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Capital (of an independent nation ) Wellington , New Zealand 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E / -41.28889; 174.77722 (Wellington, New Zealand ) Permanent settlement of any size Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Settlement capable of housing more than 1,000 people[1] McMurdo Station , Antarctica 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica ) Town > 1,000 people Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) City > 50,000 people Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) City > 100,000 people Punta Arenas , Chile 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) City > 250,000 people Christchurch , New Zealand 43°31′48″S 172°37′13″E / 43.53000°S 172.62028°E / -43.53000; 172.62028 (Christchurch, New Zealand ) City > 500,000 people Mar del Plata , Argentina 38°00′S 57°33′W / 38.000°S 57.550°W / -38.000; -57.550 (Mar del Plata, Argentina ) Metropolitan area > 5,000,000 people Melbourne , Australia 37°48′49″S 144°57′47″E / 37.81361°S 144.96306°E / -37.81361; 144.96306 (Melbourne, Australia ) Metropolitan area > 15,000,000 people Buenos Aires , Argentina 34°36′12″S 58°22′54″W / 34.60333°S 58.38167°W / -34.60333; -58.38167 (Buenos Aires, Argentina ) Metropolitan area > 20,000,000 people São Paulo , Brazil 23°33′06″S 46°38′01″W / 23.55167°S 46.63361°W / -23.55167; -46.63361 (São Paulo, Brazil )
The southernmost point of Berkner Island is further south than any of these, but its bedrock lies entirely below sea level, with only its ice covering rising above.
Item Place Latitude/longitude Flowering plants (in greenhouses) Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica [11] 90°00′S 139°16′W / 90.000°S 139.267°W / -90.000; -139.267 (Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Grass and flowering plants (naturally occurring) Terra Firma Islands , Antarctica [12] 68°42′S 67°32′W / 68.700°S 67.533°W / -68.700; -67.533 (Terra Firma Islands ) Trees (Nothofagus betuloides , naturally occurring) Hornos Island , Chile [13] 55°58′S 67°15′W / 55.967°S 67.250°W / -55.967; -67.250 (Cape Horn ) Conifers (Pilgerodendron uviferum , naturally occurring) Tierra del Fuego , Chile [14] [15] 54°20′S 70°7′W / 54.333°S 70.117°W / -54.333; -70.117 (Tierra del Fuego ) Palms (nīkau (Rhopalostylis sapida ), naturally occurring) Chatham Islands , New Zealand [16] 44°02′S 176°26′W / 44.033°S 176.433°W / -44.033; -176.433 (Chatham Islands, New Zealand )
Item Place Latitude/longitude Cattle farm Estancia Moat , Tierra del Fuego Province , Argentina [17] 54°58′32″S 66°44′41″W / 54.97556°S 66.74472°W / -54.97556; -66.74472 (Estancia Moat ) Cherry orchard Los Antiguos , Santa Cruz Province , Argentina [18] 46°32′30″S 71°39′20″W / 46.54167°S 71.65556°W / -46.54167; -71.65556 Potato farm Centro Experimental Kampenaike , Magallanes Region , Chile [19] 52°37′59″S 70°32′41″W / 52.63306°S 70.54472°W / -52.63306; -70.54472 Rice field San Nicolás , Ñuble Region , Chile [20] [21] 36°30′12″S 72°12′44″W / 36.503333°S 72.212222°W / -36.503333; -72.212222 (San Nicolás ) Vineyard Chile Chico , Aysén Region , Chile [22] 46°32′00″S 71°41′16″W / 46.53333°S 71.68778°W / -46.53333; -71.68778 (Viñedo experimental )
Item Place Latitude/longitude International Baccalaureate school John McGlashan College , Dunedin , New Zealand [23] 45°51′17″S 170°29′55″E / 45.85472°S 170.49861°E / -45.85472; 170.49861 (John McGlashan College in Dunedin ) University National University of Tierra del Fuego , Ushuaia , Argentina [24] 54°48′57″S 68°19′04″W / 54.81583°S 68.31778°W / -54.81583; -68.31778 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) Kindergarten Puerto Williams ,[25] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Kindergarten in Puerto Williams ) Secondary school Puerto Williams , Chile [26] 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) Primary school Escuela Nº 38 "Presidente Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín ", Esperanza Base , Antarctica [27] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica )
Science and technology [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Astronomical observatory South Pole Telescope , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (South Pole Telescope, Antarctica ) Permanent scientific research station Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 90°S 0°E / 90°S 0°E / -90; 0 (Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica ) Planetarium Tūhura Otago Museum , Dunedin , New Zealand [28] 45°51′56″S 170°30′38″E / 45.86556°S 170.51056°E / -45.86556; 170.51056 (Otago Museum ) Nuclear power plant Atucha I , Argentina [29] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha I Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina ) Atucha II , Argentina [citation needed ] 33°58′S 59°12′W / 33.967°S 59.200°W / -33.967; -59.200 (Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant, Argentina )
Historical sites and archaeological findings [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Airfield (permanent, no scheduled flights) Jack F. Paulus Skiway at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station , Antarctica 89°59′22″S 1°00′00″W / 89.98944°S 1.00000°W / -89.98944; -1.00000 (Jack F. Paulus Skiway, Antarctica ) Seaport /Harbour Winter Quarters Bay , McMurdo Station , Antarctica [31] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica ) Narrow gauge railway Dumont d'Urville Station , Antarctica [32] [33] The record was previously held by a 1963 installed line at the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island .[32]
66°40′S 140°01′E / 66.667°S 140.017°E / -66.667; 140.017 (Dumont d'Urville Station, Antarctica ) Airport (permanent, with scheduled flights) Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport , Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Guardiamarina Zañartu Airport ) International airport Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport , Ushuaia , Argentina 54°50′S 68°17′W / 54.833°S 68.283°W / -54.833; -68.283 (Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport ) Traffic light Hipólito Yrigoyen/Constitución Fueguina, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°49′42″S 68°20′04″W / 54.82834°S 68.33436°W / -54.82834; -68.33436 Suspension bridge Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge , Falkland Islands [34] 51°51′14″S 59°01′04″E / 51.853912°S 59.017825°E / -51.853912; 59.017825 (Bodie Creek Suspension Bridge ) Railway Southern Fuegian Railway (Ferrocarril Austral Fueguino ) from Ushuaia to the Tierra del Fuego National Park in Argentina [35] 54°48′S 68°18′W / 54.800°S 68.300°W / -54.800; -68.300 (Ushuaia, Argentina ) Railway station Rolleston railway station, New Zealand 43°35′20″S 172°23′1″E / 43.58889°S 172.38361°E / -43.58889; 172.38361 Electrified railway Wellington station , Wellington , New Zealand 41°16′43″S 174°46′51″E / 41.27861°S 174.78083°E / -41.27861; 174.78083 Metro station Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón in Buenos Aires, Argentina[36] 34°38′35″S 58°27′42″W / 34.64306°S 58.46167°W / -34.64306; -58.46167 (Plaza de los Virreyes - Eva Perón ) Underground railway station Flagstaff railway station , Melbourne , Australia 37°48′44″S 144°57′22″E / 37.81222°S 144.95611°E / -37.81222; 144.95611 Tramway system Christchurch Heritage Tram , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′07″S 172°38′28″E / 43.53528°S 172.64111°E / -43.53528; 172.64111 (Christchurch Heritage Tram ) (southernmost point of route) Tramway system (as part of mass transit, excluding heritage routes) Melbourne , Australia 37°54′52″S 145°1′0″E / 37.91444°S 145.01667°E / -37.91444; 145.01667 (southernmost point of route) Trolleybus Valparaíso , Chile 33°2′46″S 71°36′16″W / 33.04611°S 71.60444°W / -33.04611; -71.60444
Religious buildings [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Church (ice-made) Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows , Belgrano II Base, Antarctica [40] [41] 77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617 (Belgrano II Base, Antarctica ) Church (regular) Trinity Church, Antarctica (Russian Orthodox Church ), King George Island , Antarctica [citation needed ] 62°12′S 58°58′W / 62.200°S 58.967°W / -62.200; -58.967 (King George Island, Antarctica ) Mormon church Puerto Williams , Chile [42] 54°56′S 67°37′W / 54.933°S 67.617°W / -54.933; -67.617 (Mormon church of Puerto Williams, Chile ) Cathedral El Sagrado Corazón , Diocese of Punta Arenas , Punta Arenas , Chile [43] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) Hindu temple Centro Cultural y Templo Hindu, Punta Arenas , Chile [44] 53°10′S 70°56′W / 53.167°S 70.933°W / -53.167; -70.933 (Punta Arenas, Chile ) Mosque Southland Muslim Association, Invercargill , New Zealand [45] 46°24′35″S 168°23′20″E / 46.40972°S 168.38889°E / -46.40972; 168.38889 (Invercargill, New Zealand ) Synagogue Dunedin Synagogue , Dunedin , New Zealand [46] [47] 45°52′S 170°30′E / 45.867°S 170.500°E / -45.867; 170.500 (Dunedin, New Zealand ) Buddhist stupa the Enlightenment Stupa at Portobello , Dunedin , New Zealand [48] 45°51′S 170°39′E / 45.850°S 170.650°E / -45.850; 170.650 (Portobello, New Zealand ) Sikh Gurdwara New Zealand Sikh Society (Wellington), Lower Hutt , New Zealand [49] 41°12′S 174°57′E / 41.200°S 174.950°E / -41.200; 174.950 (New Zealand Sikh Society )
Shops and service facilities [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Tourist office Puerto Williams ,[50] Chile 54°55′59″S 67°37′00″W / 54.93306°S 67.61667°W / -54.93306; -67.61667 (Puerto Williams, Chile ) Restaurant Lodge Lakutaia,[51] Puerto Williams , Chile 54°56′12″S 67°36′47″W / 54.936789°S 67.613039°W / -54.936789; -67.613039 Cinema Jubany Base, Antarctic Peninsula [citation needed ] 62°14′S 58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W / -62.233; -58.667 (Jubany ) Public post office Port Lockroy , Goudier Island , Antarctica [52] 64°49′S 63°30′W / 64.817°S 63.500°W / -64.817; -63.500 (Port Lockroy, Antarctica ) Bar Faraday Bar,[53] Vernadsky Research Base , Antarctica 65°14′45″S 64°15′27″W / 65.245747°S 64.257391°W / -65.245747; -64.257391 Automated teller machine McMurdo Station , Antarctica [54] 77°51′S 166°40′E / 77.850°S 166.667°E / -77.850; 166.667 (McMurdo Station, Antarctica )
International brand names [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Mercedes-Benz retailer Mario Bonetto Rodados y Servicios, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′05″S 68°17′06″W / 54.80131°S 68.28499°W / -54.80131; -68.28499 Toyota retailer Celentano Motors, Ushuaia , Argentina 54°47′30″S 68°14′12″W / 54.79156°S 68.23678°W / -54.79156; -68.23678 Volkswagen retailer Ushuaia , Argentina 54°47′27″S 68°14′25″W / 54.79077°S 68.24022°W / -54.79077; -68.24022 Mobil petrol station Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′46″S 168°21′42″E / 46.42944°S 168.36167°E / -46.42944; 168.36167 [55] Tesla retailer Wigram , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′44″S 172°33′34″E / 43.54562°S 172.55936°E / -43.54562; 172.55936 [56] H&M Christchurch Central , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′00″S 172°38′16″E / 43.53333°S 172.63778°E / -43.53333; 172.63778 [57] Shell petrol station Blackmans Bay , Tasmania , Australia 43°00′00″S 147°19′13″E / 43.00000°S 147.32028°E / -43.00000; 147.32028 [58] Aldi Wonthaggi , Victoria , Australia 38°36′15″S 145°35′34″E / 38.60429°S 145.59273°E / -38.60429; 145.59273 7-Eleven Rosebud , Victoria , Australia 38°21′25″S 144°54′04″E / 38.35694°S 144.90111°E / -38.35694; 144.90111 [59] ECCO Moorabbin , Melbourne , Australia 37°58′15″S 145°05′21″E / 37.97083°S 145.08917°E / -37.97083; 145.08917 [60] IKEA Springvale , Melbourne , Australia 37°55′36″S 145°08′36″E / 37.92667°S 145.14333°E / -37.92667; 145.14333 Zara Chadstone Shopping Centre , Malvern East , Melbourne , Australia 37°53′05″S 145°05′00″E / 37.88464°S 145.08320°E / -37.88464; 145.08320
Franchised food brands [ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude Hard Rock Café Ushuaia , Argentina 54°48′25″S 68°18′23″W / 54.806825°S 68.3062502°W / -54.806825; -68.3062502 Domino's Pizza Punta Arenas , Chile 53°08′20″S 70°53′23″W / 53.138801°S 70.889852°W / -53.138801; -70.889852 Pizza Hut Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′41″E / 46.427798°S 168.361313°E / -46.427798; 168.361313 Subway Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′40″S 168°21′42″E / 46.427908°S 168.361736°E / -46.427908; 168.361736 McDonald's Invercargill , New Zealand [61] 46°25′15″S 168°21′41″E / 46.420921°S 168.361503°E / -46.420921; 168.361503 KFC Invercargill , New Zealand 46°25′08″S 168°21′42″E / 46.418758°S 168.361609°E / -46.418758; 168.361609 Burger King Invercargill , New Zealand [62] 46°24′48″S 168°21′42″E / 46.413267°S 168.361750°E / -46.413267; 168.361750 Starbucks Invercargill , New Zealand [63] 46°24′43″S 168°20′57″E / 46.411950°S 168.349075°E / -46.411950; 168.349075 Wendy's Dunedin , New Zealand [64] 45°53′38″S 170°30′14″E / 45.894013°S 170.503808°E / -45.894013; 170.503808 Taco Bell Dunedin North , Dunedin , New Zealand 45°51′39″S 170°30′45″E / 45.86095°S 170.51238°E / -45.86095; 170.51238 Denny's Christchurch Central , Christchurch , New Zealand 43°32′25″S 172°38′21″E / 43.54034°S 172.63921°E / -43.54034; 172.63921 Baskin-Robbins Camberwell , Melbourne , Australia 37°49′50″S 145°03′24″E / 37.830423°S 145.056742°E / -37.830423; 145.056742
Gardens/parks, zoos and aquaria[ edit ] Item Place Latitude/longitude UNESCO world heritage site (natural) French Austral Land and Seas[67] 90°00′S 45°00′E / 90.000°S 45.000°E / -90.000; 45.000 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina ) (southernmost Point) UNESCO world heritage site (cultural) Cueva de las Manos , Argentina [68] 47°09′S 70°40′W / 47.150°S 70.667°W / -47.150; -70.667 (Cueva de las Manos, Argentina ) Skyscraper (>100 m) Majestic Centre , Wellington , New Zealand 41°17′19″S 174°46′27″E / 41.288501°S 174.774296°E / -41.288501; 174.774296 (Majestic Centre ) Opera house Oamaru Opera House , Oamaru , New Zealand 45°05′55″S 170°58′13″E / 45.0986°S 170.9703°E / -45.0986; 170.9703 (Oamaru Opera House ) High-rise building Cue Building,[69] Invercargill , New Zealand 46°24′40″S 168°20′57″E / 46.4110°S 168.3493°E / -46.4110; 168.3493 (Cue Building ) Mine Invierno mine , Riesco Island , Chile[70] 52°52′12″S 71°37′31″W / 52.87000°S 71.62528°W / -52.87000; -71.62528 (Mina Invierno ) Brewery Cerveza Artesanal Beagle, Ushuaia , Argentina [71] 54°47′24″S 68°15′57″W / 54.789983°S 68.265745°W / -54.789983; -68.265745 (Cerveza Artesenal Beagle ) Lighthouse Monumental Cabo de Hornos, Hornos Island , Chile [72] 55°57′54″S 67°13′12″W / 55.96500°S 67.22000°W / -55.96500; -67.22000 Bell tower Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church , Milton , New Zealand 46°07′22″S 169°57′25″E / 46.12278°S 169.95694°E / -46.12278; 169.95694 (Tokomairiro Presbyterian Church ) Place of birth of a human Esperanza Base , Antarctica (Emilio Marcos Palma in 1978 and seven others) [73] 63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000 (Esperanza Base, Antarctica ) Cemetery Buromskiy Island , Antarctica [74] 66°32′S 93°00′E / 66.533°S 93.000°E / -66.533; 93.000 (Buromskiy Island Cemetery )
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