List of state leaders in 2005
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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2005.
Africa
[edit]Algeria
- President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (2003–2006)
Angola
- President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister – Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime Minister of Angola (2002–2008)
Benin
- President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
Botswana
- President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
Burkina Faso
- President – Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (2000–2007)
Burundi
- President –
- Domitien Ndayizeye, President of Burundi (2003–2005)
- Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi (2005–2020)
- President –
Cameroon
- President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister – Ephraïm Inoni, Prime Minister of Cameroon (2004–2009)
Cape Verde
- President – Pedro Pires, President of Cape Verde (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister – José Maria Neves, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (2001–2016)
Central African Republic
- President – François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
Chad
- President – Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–2021)
- Prime Minister –
- Moussa Faki, Prime Minister of Chad (2003–2005)
- Pascal Yoadimnadji, Prime Minister of Chad (2005–2007)
Comoros
- President – Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (2002–2006)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- Prime Minister – Isidore Mvouba, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (2005–2009)
Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President – Joseph Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001–2019)
Djibouti
- President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime Minister of Djibouti (2001–2013)
Egypt
- President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister – Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt (2004–2011)
Equatorial Guinea
- President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister – Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (2004–2006)
Eritrea
- President – Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
Ethiopia
- President – Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon
- President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
The Gambia
- President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)
Ghana
- President – John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
Guinea
- President – Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister – Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime Minister of Guinea (2004–2006)
Guinea-Bissau
- President –
- Henrique Rosa, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (2003–2005)
- João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (2005–2009)
- Prime Minister –
- Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2004–2005)
- Aristides Gomes, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (2005–2007)
- President –
Ivory Coast
- President – Laurent Gbagbo, President of the Ivory Coast (2000–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Seydou Diarra, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2003–2005)
- Charles Konan Banny, Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast (2005–2007)
Kenya
- President – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya (2002–2013)
Lesotho
- Monarch – Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
Liberia
- Head of State – Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia (2003–2006)
Libya
- De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Prime Minister – Shukri Ghanem, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (2003–2006)
Madagascar
- President – Marc Ravalomanana, President of Madagascar (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jacques Sylla, Prime Minister of Madagascar (2002–2007)
Malawi
- President – Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi (2004–2012)
Mali
- President – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister – Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime Minister of Mali (2004–2007)
Mauritania
- Head of State –
- Prime Minister –
- Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2003–2005)
- Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime Minister of Mauritania (2005–2007)
Mauritius
- President – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, President of Mauritius (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Paul Bérenger, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2003–2005)
- Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2005–2014)
Mayotte (overseas collectivity of France)
- Prefect –
- Jean-Jacques Brot, Prefect of Mayotte (2002–2005)
- Jean-Paul Kihl, Prefect of Mayotte (2005–2007)
- Head of Government – Saïd Omar Oili, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2004–2008)
- Prefect –
Morocco
- Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Driss Jettou, Prime Minister of Morocco (2002–2007)
Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
- President – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of Western Sahara (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister – Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime Minister of Western Sahara (2003–2018)
Mozambique
- President –
- Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – Luísa Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (2004–2010)
- President –
Namibia
- President –
- Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Hifikepunye Pohamba, President of Namibia (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime Minister of Namibia (2002–2005)
- Nahas Angula, Prime Minister of Namibia (2005–2012)
- President –
Niger
- President – Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
- Prime Minister – Hama Amadou, Prime Minister of Niger (2000–2007)
Nigeria
- President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
Rwanda
- President – Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
Saint Helena and Dependencies (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Michael Clancy, Governor of Saint Helena (2004–2007)
São Tomé and Príncipe
- President – Fradique de Menezes, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (2003–2011)
- Prime Minister –
Senegal
- President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Macky Sall, Prime Minister of Senegal (2004–2007)
Seychelles
- President – James Michel, President of Seychelles (2004–2016)
Sierra Leone
- President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
Somalia
- President – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Somalia (2004–2008)
- Prime Minister – Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime Minister of Somalia (2004–2007)
Somaliland (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Dahir Riyale Kahin, President of Somaliland (2002–2010)
Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
- President –
- Mohamed Hashi, President of Puntland (2004–2005)
- Mohamud Muse Hersi, President of Puntland (2005–2009)
- President –
South Africa
- President – Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
Sudan
- President – Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
Swaziland
- Monarch – Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Themba Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (2003–2008)
Tanzania
- President –
- Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Jakaya Kikwete, President of Tanzania (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Edward Lowassa, Prime Minister of Tanzania (2005–2008)
- President –
Togo
- President –
- Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005)
- Bonfoh Abass, Acting President of Togo (2005)
- Faure Gnassingbé, President of Togo (2005–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Koffi Sama, Prime Minister of Togo (2002–2005)
- Edem Kodjo, Prime Minister of Togo (2005–2006)
- President –
Tunisia
- President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
Uganda
- President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
Zambia
- President – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (2002–2008)
Zimbabwe
- President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
Asia
[edit]Afghanistan
- President – Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan (2002–2014)
Bahrain
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
Bangladesh
- President – Iajuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (2002–2009)
- Prime Minister – Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
Bhutan
- Monarch – Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Yeshey Zimba, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2004–2005)
- Sangay Ngedup, Prime Minister of Bhutan (2005–2006)
Brunei
- Monarch – Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
Cambodia
- Monarch – Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023) [d]
China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (2002–2012)
- President – Hu Jintao, President of China (2003–2013)
- Premier – Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China (2003–2013)
East Timor
- President – Xanana Gusmão, President of East Timor (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Mari Alkatiri, Prime Minister of East Timor (2001–2006)
India
- President – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President of India (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (2004–2014)
Indonesia
- President – Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President of Indonesia (2004–2014)
Iran
- Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President –
- Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran (2005–2013)
Iraq
- Head of State –
- Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, President of Iraq (2004–2005)
- Jalal Talabani (2005–2006; President of Iraq, 2005–2006), and Adil Abdul-Mahdi and Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer (2005–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Ayad Allawi, Prime Minister of Iraq (2004–2005)
- Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Prime Minister of Iraq (2005–2006)
- Head of State –
Israel
- President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President –
- Rawhi Fattouh, Acting President of the Palestinian National Authority (2004–2005)
- Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestinian National Authority (2005–present)
- Prime Minister –
- President –
Japan
- Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister – Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan (2001–2006)
Jordan
- Monarch – Abdullah II, King of Jordan (1999–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Faisal al-Fayez, Prime Minister of Jordan (2003–2005)
- Adnan Badran, Prime Minister of Jordan (2005)
- Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime Minister of Jordan (2005–2007)
Kazakhstan
- President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [e]
- Prime Minister – Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (2003–2007)
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea [f] (1993–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea (1998–2019)
- Premier – Pak Pong-ju, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (2003–2007)
South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President – Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (2003–2008)
- Prime Minister – Lee Hae-chan, Prime Minister of South Korea (2004–2006)
Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (2003–2006)
Kyrgyzstan
- President –
- Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [g]
- Ishenbai Kadyrbekov, Acting President of Kyrgyzstan (2005)
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President of Kyrgyzstan (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- Nikolai Tanayev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2002–2005)
- Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2005)
- Medetbek Kerimkulov, Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2005)
- Felix Kulov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2005–2007)
- President –
Laos
- Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos (1998–2006)
- Premier – Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (2001–2006)
Lebanon
- President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister –
Malaysia
- Monarch – Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime Minister of Malaysia (2003–2009)
Maldives
- President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
Mongolia
- President –
- Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President of Mongolia (2005–2009)
- Prime Minister – Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2004–2006)
- President –
Myanmar
- Head of State – Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister – Soe Win, Prime Minister of Myanmar (2004–2007)
Nepal
- Monarch – Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister –
- Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2004–2005)
- Gyanendra, Prime Minister of Nepal (2005–2006)
Oman
- Monarch – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–2020)
- Prime Minister – Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–2020)
Pakistan
- President – Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister – Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004–2007)
Philippines
- President – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
Qatar
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
Saudi Arabia
- Monarch –
- Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
- Regent – Crown Prince Abdullah, Regent of Saudi Arabia (1996–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Abdullah, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (2005–2015)
- Monarch –
Singapore
- President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore (2004–2024)
Sri Lanka
- President –
- Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Mahinda Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister –
- Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2004–2005)
- Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2005–2010)
- President –
Syria
- President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime Minister of Syria (2003–2011)
Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008)
- Premier –
- Yu Shyi-kun, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2002–2005)
- Frank Hsieh, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2005–2006)
Tajikistan
- President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister – Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
Turkey
- President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)
Turkmenistan
- President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006) [h]
United Arab Emirates
- President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (2004–2022)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
Uzbekistan
- President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [i]
- Prime Minister – Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (2003–2016)
Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader – Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2001–2011)
- President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
Yemen
- President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [j]
- Prime Minister – Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)
Europe
[edit]Albania
- President – Alfred Moisiu, President of Albania (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (2002–2005)
- Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–2013)
Andorra
- Monarchs –
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Philippe Massoni (2002–2007)
- Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Albert Pintat, Head of Government of Andorra (2005–2009)
- Monarchs –
Armenia
- President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
Austria
- President – Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–2016)
- Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
Azerbaijan
- President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
- Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–2018)
Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister – Anushavan Danielyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1999–2007)
Belarus
- President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister – Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
Belgium
- Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb Member – Borislav Paravac (2003–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2004–2005)
- Bosniak Member – Sulejman Tihić (2002–2006)
- Croat Member –
- Dragan Čović (2002–2005)
- Ivo Miro Jović (2005–2006; Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2005–2006)
- Prime Minister – Adnan Terzić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2007)
- High Representative – Lord (Paddy) Ashdown, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002–2006)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
- President – Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
- Sergei Stanishev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2005–2009)
Croatia
- President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
- Prime Minister – Ivo Sanader, Prime Minister of Croatia (2003–2009)
Cyprus
- President – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (2003–2008)
Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President –
- Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005)
- Mehmet Ali Talat, President of Northern Cyprus (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- Mehmet Ali Talat, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2004–2005)
- Ferdi Sabit Soyer, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2005–2009)
- President –
Czech Republic
- President – Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister –
- Stanislav Gross, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2004–2005)
- Jiří Paroubek, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2005–2006)
Denmark
- Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–2024)
- Prime Minister – Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
Estonia
- President – Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Juhan Parts, Prime Minister of Estonia (2003–2005)
- Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–2014)
Finland
- President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
France
- President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime Minister of France (2002–2005)
- Dominique de Villepin, Prime Minister of France (2005–2007)
Georgia
- President – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2004–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia (2004–2005)
- Zurab Noghaideli, Prime Minister of Georgia (2005–2007)
Abkhazia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President –
- Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) [k]
- Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Nodar Khashba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2004–2005)
- Alexander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2005–2010)
- President –
South Ossetia (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Igor Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2003–2005)
- Zurab Kokoyev, Acting Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2005)
- Yury Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2005–2008)
Germany
- President – Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010)
- Chancellor –
- Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
- Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–2021)
Greece
- President –
- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–2015)
- Prime Minister – Kostas Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009)
- President –
Hungary
- President –
- Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
- László Sólyom, President of Hungary (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister – Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister of Hungary (2004–2009)
- President –
Iceland
- President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister – Halldór Ásgrímsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (2004–2006)
Ireland
- President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
Italy
- President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister – Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2001–2006)
Latvia
- President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister – Aigars Kalvītis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2004–2007)
Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
- Prime Minister – Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
Lithuania
- President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
Luxembourg
- Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
Republic of Macedonia
- President – Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Vlado Bučkovski, President of the Government of the Republic of Macedonia (2004–2006)
Malta
- President – Eddie Fenech Adami, President of Malta (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–2013)
Moldova
- President – Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
- Prime Minister – Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
Transnistria (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [l]
Monaco
- Monarch –
- Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
- Regent – Hereditary Prince Albert, Regent of Monaco (2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
- Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010)
- Monarch –
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
Netherlands (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Prime Minister – Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see § North America
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see § North America
Norway
- Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Regent – Crown Prince Haakon, Regent of Norway (2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
- Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–2013)
Poland
- President –
- Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- President –
Portugal
- President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Pedro Santana Lopes, Prime Minister of Portugal (2004–2005)
- José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)
Romania
- President – Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister – Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime Minister of Romania (2004–2008)
Russia
- President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister – Mikhail Fradkov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2004–2007)
San Marino
- Captains-Regent –
- Giuseppe Arzilli and Roberto Raschi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2004–2005)
- Fausta Morganti and Cesare Gasperoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (2005)
- Claudio Muccioli and Antonello Bacciocchi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2005–2006)
- Captains-Regent –
Serbia and Montenegro
- President – Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Prime Minister – Svetozar Marović, Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
- President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of Kosovo (2002–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Ramush Haradinaj, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2004–2005)
- Adem Salihaj, Acting Prime Minister of Kosovo (2005–2005)
- Bajram Kosumi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2005–2006)
- UN Special Representative – Søren Jessen-Petersen, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2004–2006)
Slovakia
- President – Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–2014)
- Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
Slovenia
- President – Janez Drnovšek, President of Slovenia (2002–2007)
- Prime Minister – Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2004–2008)
Spain
- Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister – José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
Sweden
- Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
Switzerland
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [m]
- Members – Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008; President of Switzerland, 2005), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2003–2011), Christoph Blocher (2004–2007), and Hans-Rudolf Merz (2004–2010)
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [m]
Ukraine
- President –
- Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister –
- Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2002–2005)
- Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005)
- Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005)
- Yuriy Yekhanurov, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2005–2006)
- President –
United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
- Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
- Ian Macfadyen, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2000–2005)
- Mike Kerruish, Acting Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005)
- Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (2005–2011)
- Chief Minister – Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2004–2006)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
- Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
- Sir Geoffrey Rowland, Acting Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005)
- Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011)
- Chief Minister – Laurie Morgan, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2004–2007)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
- Chief Minister – Frank Walker, Chief Minister of Jersey (2005–2008)
Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Sir Francis Richards, Governor of Gibraltar (2003–2006)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
Vatican City
- Monarch –
- Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- Cardinal Eduardo Martínez Somalo and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger; interim Government during sede vacante (2005)
- Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–2013)
- Head of Government – Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Monarch –
North America
[edit]Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Alan Huckle, Governor of Anguilla (2004–2006)
- Chief Minister – Osbourne Fleming, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2000–2010)
Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister – Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (2004–2014)
Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)
- Prime Minister – Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009)
The Bahamas
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
- Paul Adderley, Acting Governor-General of the Bahamas (2005–2006)
- Prime Minister – Perry Christie, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (2002–2007)
Barbados
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
Belize
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)
- Prime Minister – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–2008)
Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Sir John Vereker, Governor of Bermuda (2002–2007)
- Premier – Alex Scott, Premier of Bermuda (2003–2006)
British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Tom Macan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2002–2006)
- Chief Minister – Orlando Smith, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (2003–2007)
Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister – Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)
Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Bruce Dinwiddy, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2002–2005)
- George A. McCarthy, Acting Governor of the Cayman Islands (2005)
- Stuart Jack, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2005–2009)
- Head of Government –
- Governor –
Costa Rica
- President – Abel Pacheco, President of Costa Rica (2002–2006)
Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
Dominica
- President – Nicholas Liverpool, President of Dominica (2003–2012)
- Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica (2004–present)
Dominican Republic
- President – Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (2004–2012)
El Salvador
- President – Antonio Saca, President of El Salvador (2004–2009)
Grenada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
Guatemala
- President – Óscar Berger, President of Guatemala (2004–2008)
Haiti
- President – Boniface Alexandre, President of Haiti (2004–2006)
- Prime Minister – Gérard Latortue, Prime Minister of Haiti (2004–2006)
Honduras
- President – Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras (2002–2006)
Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
Mexico
- President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Deborah Barnes-Jones, Governor of Montserrat (2004–2007)
- Chief Minister – John Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (2001–2006)
Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Frits Goedgedrag, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (2002–2010)
- Prime Minister – Etienne Ys, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (2004–2006)
Nicaragua
- President – Enrique Bolaños, President of Nicaragua (2002–2007)
Panama
- President – Martín Torrijos, President of Panama (2004–2009)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister – Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
Saint Lucia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister – Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity of France)
- Prefect –
- Claude Valleix, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002–2005)
- Albert Dupuy, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2005–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Prefect –
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2002–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001–present)
Trinidad and Tobago
- President – George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (2003–2013)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Manning, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (2001–2010)
Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Premier – Michael Misick, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2003–2009)
United States
- President – George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor –
- Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005)
- Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, Governor of Puerto Rico (2005–2009)
- Governor –
United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Charles Wesley Turnbull, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1999–2007)
Oceania
[edit]American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor – Togiola Tulafono, Governor of American Samoa (2003–2013)
Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–2022)
- Governor-General – Michael Jeffery, Governor-General of Australia (2003–2008)
- Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Evan Williams, Administrator of Christmas Island (2003–2005)
- Shire-President – Gordon Thomson, Shire president of Christmas Island (2003–2011)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Evan Williams, Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003–2005)
- Shire-President – Ronald Grant, Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2001–2007)
Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Grant Tambling, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2003–2007)
- Chief Minister – Geoffrey Robert Gardner, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2001–2006)
Fiji
- President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
- Prime Minister – Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
French Polynesia (overseas collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner –
- President –
- Gaston Flosse, President of French Polynesia (2004–2005)
- Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia (2005–2006)
Guam (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Felix Perez Camacho, Governor of Guam (2003–2011)
Kiribati
- President – Anote Tong, President of Kiribati (2003–2016)
Marshall Islands
- President – Kessai Note, President of the Marshall Islands (2000–2008)
Micronesia
- President – Joseph Urusemal, President of Micronesia (2003–2007)
Nauru
- President – Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru (2004–2007)
New Caledonia (sui generis collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner –
- Daniel Constantin, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2002–2005)
- Louis Le Franc, Acting High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2005)
- Michel Mathieu, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (2005–2007)
- Head of Government – Marie-Noëlle Thémereau, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2004–2007)
- High Commissioner –
New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022)
- Governor-General – Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative – Sir Frederick Tutu Goodwin, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Jim Marurai, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2004–2010)
Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier – Young Vivian, Premier of Niue (2002–2008)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator – Neil Walter, Administrator of Tokelau (2003–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Patuki Isaako, Head of Government of Tokelau (2004–2005)
- Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (2005–2006)
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor – Juan Babauta, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2002–2006)
Palau
- President – Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau (2001–2009)
Papua New Guinea
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Paulias Matane, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (2004–2010)
- Prime Minister – Sir Michael Somare, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (2002–2010)
Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
- Mayor – Jay Warren, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2005–2007)
Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa (1998–2021)
Solomon Islands
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Nathaniel Waena, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Sir Allan Kemakeza, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (2001–2006)
Tonga
- Monarch – Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006) [n]
- Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
Tuvalu
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Faimalaga Luka, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2003–2005)
- Filoimea Telito, Governor-General of Tuvalu (2005–2010)
- Prime Minister – Maatia Toafa, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2004–2006)
Vanuatu
- President – Kalkot Mataskelekele, President of Vanuatu (2004–2009)
- Prime Minister – Ham Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2004–2008)
Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity of France)
- Administrator –
- Christian Job, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2002–2005)
- Xavier de Fürst, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2005–2006)
- Head of Government –
- Administrator –
South America
[edit]Argentina
- President – Néstor Kirchner, President of Argentina (2003–2007)
Bolivia
- President –
- Carlos Mesa, President of Bolivia (2003–2005)
- Eduardo Rodríguez, President of Bolivia (2005–2006)
- President –
Brazil
- President – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil (2003–2010)
Chile
- President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
Colombia
- President – Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia (2002–2010)
Ecuador
- President –
- Lucio Gutiérrez, President of Ecuador (2003–2005)
- Alfredo Palacio, President of Ecuador (2005–2007)
- President –
Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Howard Pearce, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2002–2006)
Guyana
- President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
Paraguay
- President – Nicanor Duarte, President of Paraguay (2003–2008)
Peru
- President – Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
Suriname
- President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
Uruguay
- President –
- Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay (2000–2005)
- Tabaré Vázquez, President of Uruguay (2005–2010)
- President –
Venezuela
- President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (2002–2013)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared to be the highest office of state by the constitution that came into effect in 1998.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Saleh was president of North Yemen until 1990.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
External links
[edit]- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories