List of visiting expeditions to the International Space Station
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2808%29.jpg/250px-ISS-56_International_Space_Station_fly-around_%2808%29.jpg)
Visiting expeditions to the International Space Station are teams of one to three astronauts who visit the ISS by Soyuz on short duration expeditions. EP-N is a term used by RKK Energia, meaning both "Visiting Crew"[1] as "Visiting Expedition".[2]
Humans have been on the ISS on a temporary basis since December 1998 and on a permanent basis since November 2000. The permanent occupation of the station is carried out by core crews, who usually stay for six months. Along with this, space shuttles have also been to the ISS during the construction of the station.
Three-seat, single-use Soyuz serve as lifeboats on the ISS, changing every six months. If transporting the core members does not fully occupy the Soyuz, the ships end up being crewed by astronauts returning after a week or ten days on the space shuttle (usually representatives of space agencies other than Russia or space tourists) or by the Soyuz. These crew members are the "visiting team" and their expeditions are called "visiting expeditions" (Russian: экспедиция посещения, or ЭП). In the period 2000–2002, when crews were switched to the space shuttle, visiting expeditions ended up being three people. From 2003 to 2009, there was only one seat available on the Soyuz in addition to two main crew seats. Since 2009, the main crews have been six crew members and the Soyuz was solely used for its transportation until the Crew Dragon launch. The next short visit did not occur until September 2015, in connection with the one-year mission to the ISS, and then in 2019.
Continued international collaboration on ISS missions has been thrown into doubt by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and related sanctions on Russia.[3]
List
[edit]- Dates beside "Expedition X" are from the stay at the station.
Flights with space tourists.
Nº[4] | Crew[5] | Image | Launch[5] | Landing[5] | Backup[5] | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Visiting Expedition April 30, 2001 - May 6, 2001 | ||||||
1 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 28.04.2001 07:37:19 UTC (Soyuz TM-32) | 06.05.2001 05:41:28 UTC (Soyuz TM-31) | ![]() ![]() | [6][7] |
7d 22h 04m 08s | ||||||
2nd Visiting Expedition Andromeda Program October 23, 2001 - October 31, 2001 | ||||||
2 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 21.10.2001 08:59:34 UTC (Soyuz TM-33) | 31.10.2001 04:59:25 UTC (Soyuz TM-32) | ![]() ![]() | [8][9] |
9d 19h 59m 50s | ||||||
3rd Visiting Expedition Marco Polo Program April 27, 2002 - May 5, 2002 | ||||||
3 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 25.04.2002 06:26:35 UTC (Soyuz TM-34) | 05.05.2002 03:51:40 UTC (Soyuz TM-33) | ![]() ![]() | [10][11] |
9d 21h 25m 05s | ||||||
4th Visiting Expedition Odissea Program November 1, 2002 - November 9, 2002 | ||||||
4 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 30.10.2002 03:11:10 UTC (Soyuz TMA-1) | 10.11.2001 00:04:20 UTC (Soyuz TM-34) | ![]() ![]() | [12][13] |
10d 20h 53m 09s | ||||||
5th Visiting Expedition Cervantes Program October 20, 2003 - October 27, 2003 | ||||||
5 | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 18.10.2003 05:38:03 UTC (Soyuz TMA-3) | 28.10.2003 02:40:20 UTC (Soyuz TMA-2) | ![]() | [14][15] |
9d 21h 02m 17s | ||||||
6th Visiting Expedition Delta Program April 21, 2004 - April 29, 2004 | ||||||
6 | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 19.04.2004 03:19:00 UTC (Soyuz TMA-4) | 30.04.2004 00:11:15 UTC (Soyuz TMA-3) | ![]() | [16][17] |
10d 20h 52m 15s | ||||||
7th Visiting Expedition October 16, 2004 - October 24, 2004 | ||||||
7 | ![]() | ![]() | 14.10.2004 03:06:27 UTC (Soyuz TMA-5) | 24.10.2004 00:35:08 UTC (Soyuz TMA-4) | Without backup. | [18][19] |
9d 21h 28m 41s | ||||||
8th Visiting Expedition Eneid Program April 17, 2005 - April 24, 2005 | ||||||
8 | ![]() | ![]() | 15.04.2005 00:46:25 UTC (Soyuz TMA-6) | 24.04.2005 22:08:27 UTC (Soyuz TMA-5) | ![]() | [20][21] |
9d 21h 22m 02s | ||||||
9th Visiting Expedition October 3, 2005 - October 10, 2005 | ||||||
9 | ![]() | ![]() | 01.10.2005 03:54:53 UTC (Soyuz TMA-7) | 11.10.2005 01:09:47 UTC (Soyuz TMA-6) | ![]() | [22][23] |
9d 21h 14m 55s | ||||||
10th Visiting Expedition Missão Centenário April 1, 2006 - April 8, 2006 | ||||||
10 | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 30.03.2006 02:30:20 UTC (Soyuz TMA-8) | 08.04.2006 23:47:12 UTC (Soyuz TMA-7) | ![]() | [24][25] |
Spaceflight participant | 9d 21h 16m 52s | |||||
11th Visiting Expedition September 20, 2006 - September 29, 2006 | ||||||
11 | ![]() | ![]() | 19.09.2006 04:08:42 UTC (Soyuz TMA-9) | 29.09.2006 01:13:37 UTC (Soyuz TMA-8) | Without backup. | [26][27] |
10d 21h 04m 55s | ||||||
12th Visiting Expedition April 9, 2007 - April 21, 2007 | ||||||
12 | ![]() | ![]() | 07.04.2007 17:31:14 UTC (Soyuz TMA-10) | 21.04.2007 12:31:04 UTC (Soyuz TMA-9) | Without backup. | [28][29] |
13d 18h 59m 50s | ||||||
13th Visiting Expedition October 12, 2007 - October 21, 2007 | ||||||
13 | ![]() | ![]() | 10.10.2007 13:22:38 UTC (Soyuz TMA-11) | 21.10.2007 10:35:49 UTC (Soyuz TMA-10) | ![]() | [30][31] |
Spaceflight participant | 10d 21h 13m 10s | |||||
14th Visiting Expedition Korean Astronaut Program April 10, 2008 - April 19, 2008 | ||||||
14 | ![]() | ![]() | 08.04.2008 11:16:38 UTC (Soyuz TMA-12) | 19.04.2008 08:29:43 UTC (Soyuz TMA-11) | ![]() | [32][33] |
Spaceflight participant | 10d 21h 13m 05s | |||||
15th Visiting Expedition Generation II Astronaut October 14, 2008 - October 24, 2008 | ||||||
15 | ![]() | ![]() | 12.10.2008 07:01:33 UTC (Soyuz TMA-13) | 24.10.2008 03:36:49 UTC (Soyuz TMA-12) | ![]() | [34][35] |
11d 20h 35m 17s | ||||||
16th Visiting Expedition March 28, 2009 - April 8, 2009 | ||||||
16 | ![]() | ![]() | 26.03.2009 11:49:18 UTC (Soyuz TMA-14) | 08.04.2009 07:15:09 UTC (Soyuz TMA-13) | ![]() | [36][37] |
12d 19h 25m 52s | ||||||
17th Visiting Expedition Poetic Social Mission October 2, 2009 - October 11, 2009 | ||||||
17 | ![]() | ![]() | 30.09.2009 07:14:44 UTC (Soyuz TMA-16) | 11.10.2009 04:31:43 UTC (Soyuz TMA-14) | ![]() | [38][39] |
10d 21h 16m 58s | ||||||
18th Visiting Expedition September 4, 2015 - September 19, 2015 | ||||||
18 | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 02.09.2015 04:37:43 UTC (Soyuz TMA-18M) | 12.09.2015 00:51:30 UTC (Soyuz TMA-16M) | ![]() ![]() | [40][41] |
9d 20h 13m 47s | ||||||
19th Visiting Expedition UAE Astronaut Mission 1 September 25, 2019 - October 3, 2019 | ||||||
19 | ![]() | ![]() | 25.09.2019 13:57:42 UTC (Soyuz MS-15) | 03.10.2019 10:59:21 UTC (Soyuz MS-12) | ![]() | [42][43] |
Spaceflight participant | 7d 21h 01m 38s | |||||
- Visiting Expedition Vyzov October 5, 2021 - October 17, 2021 | ||||||
- | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 05.10.2021 08:55:02 UTC (Soyuz MS-19) | 17.10.2021 04:35:42 UTC (Soyuz MS-18) | ![]() ![]() | [44][45] [46][47] [48] |
11d 19h 40m 40s | ||||||
Spaceflight participants | ||||||
20th Visiting Expedition December 8, 2021 - December 20, 2021 | ||||||
20 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 08.12.2021 07:38:15 UTC (Soyuz MS-20) | 20.12.2021 03:13:18 UTC (Soyuz MS-20) | ![]() ![]() ![]() | [49][50] |
11d 19h 35m 03s | ||||||
21st Visiting Expedition March 23, 2024 - April 6, 2024[51] | ||||||
21 | ![]() ![]() | ![]() | 23.03.2024 (Soyuz MS-25)[52] | 06.04.2024 (Soyuz MS-24)[53] | ![]() ![]() | [54][55] |
13d 18h 41m 0s |
Cancelled
[edit]Expeditions canceled due to the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
Crew[5] | Launch[5] | Duration | Backup[5] | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
5th Visiting Expedition | ||||
![]() ![]() | 28.04.2003 (Soyuz TMA-2A) | 10 days | ![]() ![]() | [56][57] |
6th Visiting Expedition | ||||
![]() ![]() | 18.10.2003 (Soyuz TMA-3A) | 10 days | ![]() ![]() | [56][58] |
See also
[edit]- Space tourism
- Spaceflight participant
- List of human spaceflights
- List of ESA space expeditions
- List of International Space Station expeditions
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "ISS EP-1". Archived from the original on 2010-11-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Новости. РОСКОСМОС ПРИВЕТСТВУЕТ НА ЗЕМЛЕ ЭКИПАЖ ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ 43/44" (in Russian). www.roscosmos.ru. Retrieved 2019-07-21.
- ^ Witze, Alexandra (11 March 2022). "Russia's invasion of Ukraine is redrawing the geopolitics of space". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-00727-x. PMID 35277688. S2CID 247407886. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Expeditions". 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g Ivanov, Ivan (2019-09-26). "Космическая энциклопедия ASTROnote" (in Russian).
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- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-32". 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-3 Вторая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-33". 2020-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
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- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-34". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
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- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-5". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
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- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-9". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-15 Двенадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
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- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-16 Тринадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-11". 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-17 Четырнадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-12". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-18 Пятнадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-13". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-19/20 Шестнадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-14". 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Экспедиция МКС-21/22 Семнадцатая российская экспедиция посещения" (in Russian).
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TMA-16". 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
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- ^ "Основные работы в период экспедиции МКС-66" (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-10-05.
- ^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz MS-18". 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
- ^ "Приглашение представителей японских СМИ на освещение подготовки к полету космических туристов" (in Russian). 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
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- ^ "Soyuz TMA-2A". Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
- ^ "Soyuz TMA-3A". Archived from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved 2021-08-08.