Nephrin

NPHS1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesNPHS1, CNF, NPHN, nephrin, NPHS1 nephrin, nephrin, NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin
External IDsOMIM: 602716; MGI: 1859637; HomoloGene: 20974; GeneCards: NPHS1; OMA:NPHS1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_004646

NM_019459

RefSeq (protein)

NP_004637

NP_062332

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 35.83 – 35.87 MbChr 7: 30.16 – 30.19 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Nephrin is a protein necessary for the proper functioning of the renal filtration barrier. The renal filtration barrier consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, the glomerular basement membrane, and the podocytes of epithelial cells. Nephrin is a transmembrane protein that is a structural component of the slit diaphragm.[5] It is present on the tips of the podocytes as an intricate mesh connecting adjacent foot processes. Nephrin contributes to the strong size selectivity of the slit diaphragm,[6][7] however, the relative contribution of the slit diaphragm to exclusion of protein by the glomerulus is debated.[6][8] The extracellular interactions, both homophilic and heterophilic—between nephrin and NEPH1—are not completely understood.[6] In addition to eight immunoglobulin G–like motifs and a fibronectin type 3 repeat, nephrin has a single transmembrane domain and a short intracellular tail.[6][7] Tyrosine phosphorylation at different sites on the intracellular tail contribute to the regulation of slit diaphragm formation during development[7] and repair in pathology affecting podocytes.[6][7] Podocin may interact with nephrin to guide it onto lipid rafts in podocytes, requiring the integrity of an arginine residue of nephrin at position 1160.[7]

A defect in the gene for nephrin, NPHS1, is associated with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type and causes massive amounts of protein to be leaked into the urine, or proteinuria. Nephrin is also required for cardiovascular development.[9]

Interactions

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Nephrin has been shown to interact with:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000161270Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006649Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: NPHS1 nephrosis 1, congenital, Finnish type (nephrin)".
  6. ^ a b c d e Patrakka J, Tryggvason K (2007). "Nephrin – a unique structural and signaling protein of the kidney filter". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 13 (9): 396–403. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2007.06.006. PMID 17766183.
  7. ^ a b c d e Martin CE, Jones N (2018). "Nephrin Signaling in the Podocyte: An Updated View of Signal Regulation at the Slit Diaphragm and Beyond". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 9. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00302. PMC 5996060. PMID 29922234. Art. No. 302.
  8. ^ Menzel S, Moeller MJ (2011). "Role of the podocyte in proteinuria". Pediatric Nephrology. 26: 1775–1780. doi:10.1007/s00467-010-1725-5. PMC 3163769. PMID 21184239.
  9. ^ Wagner N, Morrison H, Pagnotta S, Michiels JF, Schwab Y, Tryggvason K, Schedl A, Wagner KD (2011-03-29). "The podocyte protein nephrin is required for cardiac vessel formation". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (11): 2182–94. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr106. PMID 21402589.
  10. ^ a b c d Lehtonen S, Lehtonen E, Kudlicka K, Holthöfer H, Farquhar MG (Sep 2004). "Nephrin forms a complex with adherens junction proteins and CASK in podocytes and in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing nephrin". Am. J. Pathol. 165 (3): 923–36. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63354-8. PMC 1618613. PMID 15331416.
  11. ^ Lahdenperä J, Kilpeläinen P, Liu XL, Pikkarainen T, Reponen P, Ruotsalainen V, Tryggvason K (Aug 2003). "Clustering-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of nephrin by Src family kinases". Kidney Int. 64 (2): 404–13. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00097.x. PMID 12846735.
  12. ^ Verma R, Wharram B, Kovari I, Kunkel R, Nihalani D, Wary KK, Wiggins RC, Killen P, Holzman LB (Jun 2003). "Fyn binds to and phosphorylates the kidney slit diaphragm component Nephrin". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (23): 20716–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301689200. PMID 12668668.
  13. ^ Liu G, Kaw B, Kurfis J, Rahmanuddin S, Kanwar YS, Chugh SS (Jul 2003). "Neph1 and nephrin interaction in the slit diaphragm is an important determinant of glomerular permeability". J. Clin. Invest. 112 (2): 209–21. doi:10.1172/JCI18242. PMC 164293. PMID 12865409.
  14. ^ Gerke P, Huber TB, Sellin L, Benzing T, Walz G (Apr 2003). "Homodimerization and heterodimerization of the glomerular podocyte proteins nephrin and NEPH1". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 14 (4): 918–26. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000057853.05686.89. PMID 12660326.
  15. ^ Schwarz K, Simons M, Reiser J, Saleem MA, Faul C, Kriz W, Shaw AS, Holzman LB, Mundel P (Dec 2001). "Podocin, a raft-associated component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, interacts with CD2AP and nephrin". J. Clin. Invest. 108 (11): 1621–9. doi:10.1172/JCI12849. PMC 200981. PMID 11733557.

Further reading

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