Organomegaly
Organomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of organs. For example, cardiomegaly is enlargement of the heart. Visceromegaly is the enlargement of abdominal organs.[1] Examples of visceromegaly are enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), spleen (splenomegaly), stomach, kidneys, and pancreas.
Definitions for various organs
[edit]Values refer to adults unless otherwise specified.
Organ | Term for enlargement | Cutoff for definition | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdominal aorta | Ectasia or mild dilation | >2.0 cm and <3.0 cm[2] | |||||||||||
Abdominal aortic aneurysm | |||||||||||||
Common bile duct | Dilatation | ||||||||||||
Gallbladder | Wall thickening | 3 mm wall thickness[5] | |||||||||||
Hydrops | Greater than 5 cm transverse dimension[6] | ||||||||||||
Heart | Cardiomegaly |
| |||||||||||
Large intestine | Dilation | Upper limit of normal range of diameter:[9]
| |||||||||||
Wall thickening | Wall thickness 5 mm[10] | ||||||||||||
Kidneys | Enlargement |
| |||||||||||
Liver | Hepatomegaly |
| |||||||||||
Lymph nodes | Lymphadenopathy | Generally 10 mm[15][16] | |||||||||||
Renal pelvis | Part of hydronephrosis grading | 4 – 20 mm:
| |||||||||||
Prostate | Prostatomegaly | Volume over 30 cm3. | |||||||||||
Pulmonary artery | Dilation | >29 mm[20] | |||||||||||
Small intestine | Dilation |
| |||||||||||
Wall thickening | 3–5 mm[26] | ||||||||||||
Spleen | Splenomegaly |
| |||||||||||
Thoracic aorta | Dilation | Diameters:
Upper limits of standard reference range: | |||||||||||
Thoracic aortic aneurysm | Diameter: | ||||||||||||
Testis | Enlargement | 5 cm (long axis) x 3 cm (short axis)[33] | |||||||||||
Tonsil | Enlarged tonsil | 2.5 cm in length, 2.0 cm in width and 1.2 cm in thickness.[34] | |||||||||||
Ureter | Megaureter | 6[35] or 7[36] mm | |||||||||||
Urinary bladder | Wall thickening | 3–5 mm thick, and < 3 mm when well distended.[37] |
References
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- ^ a b c Page 56 in: Philip Lumb (2014). Critical Care Ultrasound E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323278171.
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