Stone sculpin

Stone sculpin
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Family:	Cottidae
Subfamily:	Cottinae
Genus:	Paracottus Taliev, 1949
Species:	P. knerii
Binomial name
Paracottus knerii (Dybowski, 1874)
Synonyms
Cottus knerii Dybowski, 1874 Paracottus kneri putorania Koryakov & Sidelov, 1976

The stone sculpin (Paracottus knerii) is a species of cottoid fish endemic to Russia, where it is found in Lake Baikal and surrounding tributaries as well as the Gramninskie Lakes, Lake Verkhnaya Agata and the Enisei River and various lakes in Tuva. This species is the only recognized member of its genus.^[1]

It is often eaten by the Baikal seal, especially in the autumn.^[2]

The stone sculpin was first formally described as Cottus knerii in 1874 by the Polish zoologist Benedykt Dybowski with its type locality given as Lake Baikal and the Angara, Irkut and Selenga rivers in Siberia.^[3] In 1949 Dmitrii Nikolaevich Taliev classified the stone sculpin in the monospecific genus Porocottus.^[4] The genus was classified in the family Cottocomephoridae, however, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae, studies having found that the genera formerly included in the Cottocomephoridae were a clade arising from the genus Cottus.^[5]

Maximum total length of the stone sculpin is 14.4 cm (5.7 in),^[1] but most are 7–9 cm (2.8–3.5 in).^[6] Its colour varies from olive to brown or grey, and it has several dark spots and bands.^[6]

The stone sculpin is most common in the southern part of Lake Baikal and prefers areas with a stony bottom,^[6] but may also occur over sand.^[1] It is typically found from shallow water to a depth of 50 m (160 ft), but can occur to 100 m (330 ft).^[6]

The stone sculpin breeds in the late spring and summer in water that is 6–10 °C (43–50 °F),^[6] and up to 1.5 m (5 ft) deep.^[1] The female lays 200–700 eggs in a crevice under a stone, which are guarded by the male and hatch after about one month.^[1][6] This sculpin feeds on small animals such as copepods and amphipods.^[6]