Psalm 124

This article is about Psalm 124 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 124 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 125.
Psalm 124
"If it had not been the LORD who was on our side"
Song of Ascents
Psalm 124 in the Erfurt Enchiridion
Other name
  • Psalm 123 (Vulgate)
  • Nisi quia Dominus
Related
LanguageHebrew (original)
Psalm 124
BookBook of Psalms
Hebrew Bible partKetuvim
Order in the Hebrew part1
CategorySifrei Emet
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part19

Psalm 124 is the 124th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in the English of the King James Version: "If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say". The Book of Psalms is part of the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament. In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 123. In Latin it is known as "Nisi quia Dominus".[1] It is one of fifteen psalms that begin with the words "A song of ascents" (Shir Hama'alot). Using "conventional metaphors",[2] it recalls the dangers faced by Israel from which the nation has been rescued.

The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican liturgies as well as Protestant psalmody. Marc-Antoine Charpentier set the psalm in the 1690s as Nisi quia Dominus erat, H. 217, for soloists, chorus and continuo, and it was paraphrased in two psalm songs by Protestant Reformers which were set as chorale cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach.

Text

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Hebrew

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The following table shows the Hebrew text[3][4] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse Hebrew English translation (JPS 1917)
1 שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הֹוָה שֶׁהָ֣יָה לָ֑נוּ יֹאמַר־נָ֝֗א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃‎ A Song of Ascents; of David. 'If it had not been the LORD who was for us', Let Israel now say;
2 לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הֹוָה שֶׁהָ֣יָה לָ֑נוּ בְּק֖וּם עָלֵ֣ינוּ אָדָֽם׃‎ 'If it had not been the LORD who was for us, When men rose up against us,
3 אֲ֭זַי חַיִּ֣ים בְּלָע֑וּנוּ בַּחֲר֖וֹת אַפָּ֣ם בָּֽנוּ׃‎ Then they had swallowed us up alive, when their wrath was kindled against us;
4 אֲ֭זַי הַמַּ֣יִם שְׁטָפ֑וּנוּ נַ֝֗חְלָה עָבַ֥ר עַל־נַפְשֵֽׁנוּ׃‎ Then the waters had overwhelmed us, the stream had gone over our soul;
5 אֲ֭זַי עָבַ֣ר עַל־נַפְשֵׁ֑נוּ הַ֝מַּ֗יִם הַזֵּידוֹנִֽים׃‎ Then the proud waters Had gone over our soul.'
6 בָּר֥וּךְ יְהֹוָ֑ה שֶׁלֹּ֥א נְתָנָ֥נוּ טֶ֝֗רֶף לְשִׁנֵּיהֶֽם׃‎ Blessed be the LORD, who hath not given us as a prey to their teeth.
7 נַפְשֵׁ֗נוּ כְּצִפּ֥וֹר נִמְלְטָה֮ מִפַּ֢ח י֫וֹקְשִׁ֥ים הַפַּ֥ח נִשְׁבָּ֗ר וַאֲנַ֥חְנוּ נִמְלָֽטְנוּ׃‎ Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers; The snare is broken, and we are escaped.
8 עֶ֭זְרֵנוּ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהֹוָ֑ה עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃‎ Our help is in the name of the LORD, Who made heaven and earth.

King James Version

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  1. If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, now may Israel say;
  2. If it had not been the LORD who was on our side, when men rose up against us:
  3. Then they had swallowed us up quick, when their wrath was kindled against us:
  4. Then the waters had overwhelmed us, the stream had gone over our soul:
  5. Then the proud waters had gone over our soul.
  6. Blessed be the LORD, who hath not given us as a prey to their teeth.
  7. Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped.
  8. Our help is in the name of the LORD, who made heaven and earth.

Uses

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Judaism

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The psalm is recited following Mincha between Sukkot and Shabbat Hagadol.[5]

Catholic Church

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According to the Rule of St Benedict around 530 AD, this psalm was traditionally performed for the office of sext from Tuesday to Saturday.[6] In the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 124 is currently recited at the Vespers of the Monday of the third week.[7]

It also is the source of the ubiquitous versicle ℣: Our help is in the name of the Lord ℟: who created Heaven and Earth, especially used for introductions of any sort, which is the psalm's verse 8.

Eastern Orthodox Church

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In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Psalm 123 (Psalm 124 in the Masoretic Text) is part of the eighteenth Kathisma division of the Psalter, read at Vespers on Friday evenings. During Lent, it is read every weekday evening at Vespers and at the Divine Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts.[8]

This Psalm is the basis of the Second Antiphon of the Anabathmoi sung at Matins on Sundays of Tones 2 and 6.

Lutheranism

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In 1524, the psalm was paraphrased in German by the Protestant reformers Justus Jonas and Martin Luther. Jonas wrote "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält", Luther "Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit".

Reformed Christianity

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The 1650 Scottish Psalter offers two separate versions of this psalm in metrical form. The first which opens "Had not the Lord been on our side" is set in the common metre while the second version, "Now Israel may say, and that truly" is in 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 metre.

Musical settings

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Two hymns in German were derived from Psalm 124 as metred paraphrases, Martin Luther's "Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit" and "Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält" by Justus Jonas, both in 1524.

In 1694, Michel-Richard de Lalande composed a motet with regard to Psalm 124 (S. 42), for the services of Louis XIV, in the royal chapel of the Chateau of Versailles. Marc-Antoine Charpentier set in 1690s one "Nisi quia Dominus erat in nobis" H.217, for soloists, chorus and continuo.

Heinrich Schütz composed a setting of the hymn "Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit", SWV 229, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.

Johann Sebastian Bach created chorale cantatas from the two paraphrases of the psalm by reformers, Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält, BWV 178, first performed on 30 July 1724,[9] and Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit, BWV 14, first performed on 30 January 1735.[10] Many composers wrote chorale preludes for the two hymns.

A setting of the psalm is part of the album Ascents, a collection of setting of Psalms 120-131 written and performed by Dennis Culp in the 1990s, and released in 2000. Psalm 124 is titled "My Help". A setting of the psalm is part of the album Fractures, a collection of psalms settings (16, 60, 68, 134, 34 and 124) by Sons of Korah, and released in 2017. The concluding Psalm 124 is titled "Out of the Snare".

Inscriptions

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Gravestone quoting a line

The gravestone of the artist Florence St John Cadell bears a line from Psalm 124: "even as a bird out of the fowler's snare".

References

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  1. ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 123 (124) medievalist.net
  2. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), Footnote a at Psalm 124
  3. ^ "Psalms – Chapter 124". Mechon Mamre.
  4. ^ "Psalms 124 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
  5. ^ The Complete Artscroll Siddur, page 530
  6. ^ Rule of Saint Benedict, translation of Prosper Gueranger, (Abbey of Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, reprint 2007) p. 46.
  7. ^ The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks.
  8. ^ The Holy Psalter, Saint Ignatius Orthodox Press, 2022
  9. ^ "Wär Gott nicht mit uns diese Zeit BWV 14; BC A 40 / Chorale cantata (4th Sunday of Epiphany)". Bach Digital. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  10. ^ "Wo Gott, der Herr, nicht bei uns hält BWV 178; BC A 112 / Chorale Cantata (8th Sunday after Trinity)". Bach Digital. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
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