Rc-o319

Rc-o319
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:	Sarbecovirus
Species:	Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
Strain:	Rc-o319

Rc-o319 is a bat-derived strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus collected in little Japanese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus cornutus) from sites in Iwate, Japan.^[1]^[2] Its has 81% similarity to SARS-CoV-2 and is the earliest strain branch of the SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus.

A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses is:^[3]^[4]

SARS‑CoV‑2 related coronavirus

(Bat) Rc-o319, 81% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus cornutus, Iwate, Japan^[1]

	Bat SL-ZXC21, 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Zhoushan, Zhejiang^[5]

	Bat SL-ZC45, 88% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Zhoushan, Zhejiang^[5]

Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GX, 85.3% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica, smuggled from Southeast Asia^[6]

Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GD, 90.1% to SARS-CoV-2, Manis javanica, smuggled from Southeast Asia^[7]

	Bat RshSTT182, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli, Steung Treng, Cambodia^[8]

	Bat RshSTT200, 92.6% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus shameli, Steung Treng, Cambodia^[8]

	(Bat) RacCS203, 91.5% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus acuminatus, Chachoengsao, Thailand^[4]

	(Bat) RmYN02, 93.3% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus malayanus, Mengla, Yunnan^[9]

(Bat) RpYN06, 94.4% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus pusillus, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan^[3]

	(Bat) RaTG13, 96.1% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus affinis, Mojiang, Yunnan^[10]

	(Bat) BANAL-52, 96.8% to SARS-CoV-2, Rhinolophus malayanus, Vientiane, Laos^[11]

	SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-1, 79% to SARS-CoV-2

References

^ ^a ^b Murakami S, Kitamura T, Suzuki J, Sato R, Aoi T, Fujii M, et al. (December 2020). "Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (12): 3025–3029. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203386. PMC 7706965. PMID 33219796.
^ Mallapaty, Smriti (2020-11-23). "Coronaviruses closely related to the pandemic virus discovered in Japan and Cambodia". Nature. 588 (7836): 15–16. Bibcode:2020Natur.588...15M. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03217-0. PMID 33230273. S2CID 227157702.
^ ^a ^b Zhou H, Ji J, Chen X, Bi Y, Li J, Wang Q, et al. (August 2021). "Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses". Cell. 184 (17): 4380–4391.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.008. PMC 8188299. PMID 34147139.
^ ^a ^b Wacharapluesadee S, Tan CW, Maneeorn P, Duengkae P, Zhu F, Joyjinda Y, et al. (February 2021). "Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 972. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..972W. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21240-1. PMC 7873279. PMID 33563978.
^ ^a ^b Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.
^ Lam TT, Jia N, Zhang YW, Shum MH, Jiang JF, Zhu HC, et al. (July 2020). "Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 282–285. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..282L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0. PMID 32218527. S2CID 214683303.
^ Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, Zhou N, Zhang X, Zou JJ, et al. (July 2020). "Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 286–289. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..286X. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2313-x. PMID 32380510. S2CID 256822274.
^ ^a ^b Delaune D, Hul V, Karlsson EA, Hassanin A, Ou TP, Baidaliuk A, et al. (November 2021). "A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6563. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.6563D. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26809-4. PMC 8578604. PMID 34753934.
^ Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.
^ Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. (March 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature. 579 (7798): 270–273. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..270Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PMC 7095418. PMID 32015507.
^ Temmam S, Vongphayloth K, Baquero E, Munier S, Bonomi M, Regnault B, et al. (April 2022). "Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells". Nature. 604 (7905): 330–336. Bibcode:2022Natur.604..330T. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04532-4. PMID 35172323. S2CID 246902858.

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[Rc-o319-1] Murakami S, Kitamura T, Suzuki J, Sato R, Aoi T, Fujii M, et al. (December 2020). "Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 26 (12): 3025–3029. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203386. PMC 7706965. PMID 33219796.

[2] Mallapaty, Smriti (2020-11-23). "Coronaviruses closely related to the pandemic virus discovered in Japan and Cambodia". Nature. 588 (7836): 15–16. Bibcode:2020Natur.588...15M. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03217-0. PMID 33230273. S2CID 227157702.

[RpYN06-3] Zhou H, Ji J, Chen X, Bi Y, Li J, Wang Q, et al. (August 2021). "Identification of novel bat coronaviruses sheds light on the evolutionary origins of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses". Cell. 184 (17): 4380–4391.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.008. PMC 8188299. PMID 34147139.

[RacCS203-4] Wacharapluesadee S, Tan CW, Maneeorn P, Duengkae P, Zhu F, Joyjinda Y, et al. (February 2021). "Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 972. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12..972W. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21240-1. PMC 7873279. PMID 33563978.

[ZXC21-5] Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.

[Pangolin_CoV_GX-6] Lam TT, Jia N, Zhang YW, Shum MH, Jiang JF, Zhu HC, et al. (July 2020). "Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 282–285. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..282L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0. PMID 32218527. S2CID 214683303.

[Pangolin_CoV_GD-7] Xiao K, Zhai J, Feng Y, Zhou N, Zhang X, Zou JJ, et al. (July 2020). "Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins". Nature. 583 (7815): 286–289. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..286X. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2313-x. PMID 32380510. S2CID 256822274.

[RshSTT-8] Delaune D, Hul V, Karlsson EA, Hassanin A, Ou TP, Baidaliuk A, et al. (November 2021). "A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6563. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.6563D. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26809-4. PMC 8578604. PMID 34753934.

[RmYN02-9] Zhou H, Chen X, Hu T, Li J, Song H, Liu Y, et al. (June 2020). "A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein". Current Biology. 30 (11): 2196–2203.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.05.023. PMC 7211627. PMID 32416074.

[RaTG13-10] Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. (March 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature. 579 (7798): 270–273. Bibcode:2020Natur.579..270Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PMC 7095418. PMID 32015507.

[BANAL-52-11] Temmam S, Vongphayloth K, Baquero E, Munier S, Bonomi M, Regnault B, et al. (April 2022). "Bat coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and infectious for human cells". Nature. 604 (7905): 330–336. Bibcode:2022Natur.604..330T. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04532-4. PMID 35172323. S2CID 246902858.

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