Reykjavík South (Althing constituency)

Reykjavík South
Reykjavík suður
Constituency
for the Althing
Outline map
Location of Reykjavík South within Iceland
MunicipalityReykjavík
RegionCapital
Electorate47,619 (2024)
Current Constituency
Created2003
Seats9 (2003–present)[a]
Member of the Althing[1]
List
Created fromReykjavík

Reykjavík South (Icelandic: Reykjavík suður) is one of the six multi-member constituencies of the Althing, the national legislature of Iceland. The constituency was established in 2003 when the existing Reykjavík constituency was split into two. The constituency currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2024 parliamentary election it had 47,619 registered electors.

History

[edit]

In March 1843 King Christian VIII of Denmark issued a royal decree converting the Althing into a consultative assembly. It consisted to 20 members popularly elected from single-member constituencies, one of which was Reykjavík.[2][3] In the subsequent decades the electoral process, size of Althing and constituencies changed several time. Reykjavík became a two-member constituency in 1903 (effective 1904).[4] In 1920 (effective 1923) it became a four-member constituency using proportional representation.[5] It became a six-member constituency in 1934 and an eight-member constituency in 1942.[5][6]

One of the main reasons for the changes was the shift in population from rural to urban areas, particularly Reykjavík.[2] The changes however always lagged behind population shifts.[2] This resulted in rural constituencies being over-represented in the Althing. The disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters was as high as 10:1 by the mid 20th century.[2] The over-representation of rural constituencies favoured the Progressive Party, whose support base was mostly farmers.[2] The party was over-represented in Althing even after the introduction of compensatory seats (equalisation seas) in 1934.

The constituencies were radically altered in 1959 when the single and two-member constituencies were abolished and replaced by seven multi-member constituencies using proportional representation.[2][6] The number of seats allocated to Reykjavík was increased from 8 to 12 at the same time.[2] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 3:1.[2]

In September 1997 Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson appointed a committee headed by Friðrik Klemenz Sophusson to review the division of constituencies in Iceland and the organisation of elections. The committee's report was published in October 1998 and recommended, amongst other things, that the number of constituencies be reduced and that they be more equal in population size.[7] The Althing passed an amendment to the constitution in June 1999 which removed the reference to specific eight constituencies contained within Article 31 and instead simply stated that there would be six or seven constituencies and that the Althing would determine the boundaries between the constituencies.[8] The amendment also required that if, following an election to Althing, the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) in any constituency is less than half of that in another constituency, the National Electoral Commission shall change the allocation of seats so as to reduce the imbalance.[8] This reduced the disproportionately in the voting power of rural and urban voters to 2:1.

Reykjavík South was one of six constituencies (kjördæmi) established by the "Elections to the Althing Act no. 24/2000" (Lög um kosningar til Alþingis, nr. 24/2000) passed by the Althing in May 2000.[9] The Act required that, when an election to Althing had been called, the National Electoral Commission had to determine the boundaries between the Reykjavík South and Reykjavík North constituencies so that the number of registered electors per seat (including compensatory seats) is approximately the same.[9] The Act initially allocated eleven seats to the constituency - nine constituency seats and two compensatory seats.[9]

Electoral system

[edit]

Reykjavík South currently elects nine[a] of the 63 members of the Althing using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[10][11] Constituency seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[12][13] Compensatory seats (equalisation seas) are calculated based on the national vote and are allocated using the D'Hondt method at the constituency level.[14][15] Only parties that reach the 5% national threshold compete for compensatory seats.[13][16]

Election results

[edit]

Summary

[edit]
Election Left-Green
V / U		 Social Democrats
S		 People's
F		 Pirate
P / Þ		 Viðreisn
C		 Progressive
B		 Independence
D		 Centre
M
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2024 1,080 2.90% 0 8,541 22.93% 3 5,022 13.48% 1 1,445 3.88% 0 6,581 17.66% 2 1,638 4.40% 0 6,553 17.59% 2 3,917 10.51% 1
2021 5,212 14.68% 1 4,720 13.29% 1 3,169 8.93% 1 3,875 10.91% 1 3,067 8.64% 1 4,077 11.48% 1 8,089 22.78% 3 1,456 4.10% 0
2017 6,750 18.90% 2 4,661 13.05% 1 2,914 8.16% 1 4,076 11.41% 1 3,043 8.52% 1 2,897 8.11% 1 8,145 22.80% 2 2,701 7.56% 0
2016 6,149 17.63% 2 1,945 5.58% 0 1,614 4.63% 0 6,030 17.29% 2 4,440 12.73% 1 2,564 7.35% 1 8,930 25.60% 3
2013 4,279 12.12% 1 5,007 14.18% 2 2,179 6.17% 0 5,931 16.80% 2 9,466 26.82% 3
2009 8,106 22.88% 2 11,667 32.94% 3 3,435 9.70% 1 8,211 23.18% 2
2007 5,065 14.35% 1 10,234 29.00% 3 2,081 5.90% 0 13,846 39.23% 5
2003 3,438 9.32% 1 12,286 33.30% 3 4,185 11.34% 1 14,029 38.03% 4

(Excludes compensatory seats.)

Detailed

[edit]

2020s

[edit]
2024
[edit]

Results of the 2024 parliamentary election held on 30 November 2024:[17]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Social Democratic Alliance S 8,541 22.93% 3 0 3
Viðreisn C 6,581 17.66% 2 0 2
Independence Party D 6,553 17.59% 2 1 3
People's Party F 5,022 13.48% 1 1 2
Centre Party M 3,917 10.51% 1 0 1
Socialist Party of Iceland J 2,091 5.61% 0 0 0
Progressive Party B 1,638 4.40% 0 0 0
Pirate Party P 1,445 3.88% 0 0 0
Left-Green Movement V 1,080 2.90% 0 0 0
Democratic Party L 388 1.04% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 37,256 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 337 0.89%
Rejected Votes – Other 72 0.19%
Total Polled 37,665 79.10%
Registered Electors 47,619

The following candidates were elected:[18]

2021
[edit]

Results of the 2021 parliamentary election held on 25 September 2021:[19]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,089 22.78% 3 0 3
Left-Green Movement V 5,212 14.68% 1 1 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 4,720 13.29% 1 0 1
Progressive Party B 4,077 11.48% 1 0 1
Pirate Party P 3,875 10.91% 1 1 2
People's Party F 3,169 8.93% 1 0 1
Viðreisn C 3,067 8.64% 1 0 1
Socialist Party of Iceland J 1,691 4.76% 0 0 0
Centre Party M 1,456 4.10% 0 0 0
Liberal Democratic Party O 148 0.42% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,504 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 580 1.60%
Rejected Votes – Other 117 0.32%
Total Polled 36,201 79.19%
Registered Electors 45,716

The following candidates were elected:[20]

2010s

[edit]
2017
[edit]

Results of the 2017 parliamentary election held on 28 October 2017:[21][22][23][24]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,145 22.80% 2 0 2
Left-Green Movement V 6,750 18.90% 2 0 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 4,661 13.05% 1 0 1
Pirate Party P 4,076 11.41% 1 1 2
Viðreisn C 3,043 8.52% 1 0 1
People's Party F 2,914 8.16% 1 0 1
Progressive Party B 2,897 8.11% 1 0 1
Centre Party M 2,701 7.56% 0 1 1
Bright Future A 449 1.26% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 85 0.24% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,721 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 769 2.10%
Rejected Votes – Other 108 0.30%
Total Polled 36,598 80.29%
Registered Electors 45,584

The following candidates were elected:[24]

2016
[edit]

Results of the 2016 parliamentary election held on 29 October 2016:[25][26][27][28]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 8,930 25.60% 3 0 3
Left-Green Movement V 6,149 17.63% 2 0 2
Pirate Party P 6,030 17.29% 2 0 2
Viðreisn C 4,440 12.73% 1 1 2
Progressive Party B 2,564 7.35% 1 0 1
Bright Future A 2,518 7.22% 0 1 1
Social Democratic Alliance S 1,945 5.58% 0 0 0
People's Party F 1,614 4.63% 0 0 0
Dawn T 578 1.66% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 79 0.23% 0 0 0
Humanist Party H 33 0.09% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 34,880 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 755 2.11%
Rejected Votes – Other 150 0.42%
Total Polled 35,785 78.18%
Registered Electors 45,770

The following candidates were elected:[28]

2013
[edit]

Results of the 2013 parliamentary election held on 27 April 2013:[29][30][31][32]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 9,466 26.82% 3 0 3
Progressive Party B 5,931 16.80% 2 0 2
Social Democratic Alliance S 5,007 14.18% 2 0 2
Left-Green Movement V 4,279 12.12% 1 0 1
Bright Future A 3,790 10.74% 1 1 2
Pirate Party Þ 2,179 6.17% 0 1 1
Households Party I 1,394 3.95% 0 0 0
Dawn T 1,163 3.29% 0 0 0
Iceland Democratic Party L 1,025 2.90% 0 0 0
Right-Green People's Party G 575 1.63% 0 0 0
Sturla Jónsson K 222 0.63% 0 0 0
Rainbow J 161 0.46% 0 0 0
Humanist Party H 55 0.16% 0 0 0
People's Front of Iceland R 54 0.15% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,301 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 794 2.19%
Rejected Votes – Other 133 0.37%
Total Polled 36,228 80.17%
Registered Electors 45,187

The following candidates were elected:[32]

2000s

[edit]
2009
[edit]

Results of the 2009 parliamentary election held on 25 April 2009:[33][34][35]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Social Democratic Alliance S 11,667 32.94% 3 1 4
Independence Party D 8,211 23.18% 2 1 3
Left-Green Movement V 8,106 22.88% 2 0 2
Progressive Party B 3,435 9.70% 1 0 1
Citizens' Movement O 3,076 8.68% 1 0 1
Liberal Party F 700 1.98% 0 0 0
Democracy Movement P 226 0.64% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,421 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 1,388 3.76%
Rejected Votes – Other 117 0.32%
Total Polled 36,926 84.41%
Registered Electors 43,747

The following candidates were elected:[35]

2007
[edit]

Results of the 2007 parliamentary election held on 12 May 2007:[36][37][38]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 13,846 39.23% 5 0 5
Social Democratic Alliance S 10,234 29.00% 3 0 3
Left-Green Movement V 5,065 14.35% 1 1 2
Liberal Party F 2,385 6.76% 0 1 1
Progressive Party B 2,081 5.90% 0 0 0
Icelandic Movement – Living Country I 1,680 4.76% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 35,291 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 462 1.29%
Rejected Votes – Other 93 0.26%
Total Polled 35,846 82.61%
Registered Electors 43,391

The following candidates were elected:[38]

2003
[edit]

Results of the 2003 parliamentary election held on 10 May 2003:[39][40][41]

Party Votes % Seats
Con. Com. Tot.
Independence Party D 14,029 38.03% 4 1 5
Social Democratic Alliance S 12,286 33.30% 3 1 4
Progressive Party B 4,185 11.34% 1 0 1
Left-Green Movement U 3,438 9.32% 1 0 1
Liberal Party F 2,448 6.64% 0 0 0
New Force N 504 1.37% 0 0 0
Valid Votes 36,890 100.00% 9 2 11
Blank Votes 379 1.02%
Rejected Votes – Other 58 0.16%
Total Polled 37,327 87.29%
Registered Electors 42,761

The following candidates were elected:[41]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Excludes compensatory seats.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Alþingismenn - Þingmenn og embætti" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Kjördæmaskipun á tímum ráðgjafarþinganna 1843–1874" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Kjördæmaskipan á tímum Alþingis með takmarkað löggjafarvald 1874–1918" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Kjördæmaskipan fullvalda konungsríkis 1918–1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b "Kjördæmaskipan lýðveldisins frá 1944" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Skýrsla forsætisráðherra um endurskoðun á kjördæmaskipun og tilhögun kosninga til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Stjórnarskipunarlög um breytingu á stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands, nr. 33/1944, með síðari breytingum" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 16 September 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "Lög um kosningar til Alþingis" (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Althing. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  10. ^ "Election for Icelandic Parliament". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Iceland". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  12. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Iceland: Althingi (Parliament)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  14. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  15. ^ Bengtsson, Å.; Hansen, K. M.; Harðarson, Ó. Þ.; Narud, H. M.; Oscarsson, H. (2014). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. Colchester, U.K.: ECPR Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-907301-25-4. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  16. ^ Helgason, Thorkell (November 2013). "Apportionment of Seats to Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament" (PDF). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  17. ^ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt 108. gr. laga nr. 112/2021 frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavikurkjördæmi suður við kosningar til Alþingis hinn 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi suður. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  18. ^ "Kosningaskýrsla Landskjörstjórnar: Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 30. nóvember 2024" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 10 December 2024. p. 35. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  19. ^ "Skýrsla til landskjörstjórnar og Hagstofu Íslands samkvæmt ákvæðum 105. gr. og 116. gr. laga nr. 24/2000,með síðari breytingum frá yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi suður við kosningar til Alþingis 25. september 2021" (PDF). National Electoral Commission of Iceland (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: Yfirkjörstjórn í Reykjavíkurkjördæmi suður. 26 September 2021. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  20. ^ "Útreikningur á úthlutun þingsæta við alþingiskosningar 25. september 2021" (PDF) (in Icelandic). Reykjavík, Iceland: National Electoral Commission of Iceland. 30 September 2021. p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2022.
  21. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  22. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  23. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  24. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 28. október 2017" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 102, no. 27. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 21 December 2017. p. 41. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  25. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 22. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  26. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 25. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  27. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 7. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 29. október 2016" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 101, no. 35. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 20 December 2016. p. 42. ISSN 1670-4770. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  29. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  30. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 22. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  31. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 6. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  32. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 27. apríl 2013" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 100, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 24 February 2015. p. 35. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
  33. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  34. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  35. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 25. apríl 2009" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 95, no. 13. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 3 March 2010. p. 30. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  36. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 15. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  37. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 19. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  38. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 12. maí 2007" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 93, no. 3. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 15 January 2008. p. 31. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  39. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 14. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  40. ^ "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 17. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  41. ^ a b "Alþingiskosningar 10. maí 2003" (PDF). Hagtíðindi (in Icelandic). Vol. 89, no. 62. Reykjavík, Iceland: Statistics Iceland. 27 December 2004. p. 26. ISSN 0019-1078. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
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