Rufford Old Hall

Rufford Old Hall
View of the Great Hall, the oldest surviving part of the house
Type	Hall house
Location	Rufford, England
Coordinates	53°38′16″N 2°48′49″W / 53.637915°N 2.813691°W / 53.637915; -2.813691
Built	c. 1530–1820s
Built for	Robert Hesketh
Architectural style(s)	Perpendicular Gothic, Jacobean, Gothic Revival
Owner	National Trust
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	Rufford Old Hall
Designated	11 October 1968
Reference no.	1374141
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Cottage, coach house and stables circa 10 metres east of wing of Rufford Old Hall
Designated	11 October 1968
Reference no.	1361856
Location of Rufford Old Hall in the borough of West Lancashire

Rufford Old Hall is a National Trust property in Rufford, Lancashire, England. Built in about 1530 for Sir Robert Hesketh, only the Great Hall survives from the original structure.^[1] A brick-built wing in the Jacobean style was added in 1661, at right angles to the Great Hall, and a third wing was added in the 1820s.

Rufford Old Hall is designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building,^[2] The cottage, coach house and stables in the courtyard at the rear of the hall are designated Grade II.^[3]

Until 1936, Rufford Old Hall was in the continuous ownership of the Hesketh family, who were lords of the manor of Rufford from the 15th century. The Heskeths moved to Rufford New Hall in 1798. In 1846 Sir Thomas George Hesketh, 5th Baronet married Lady Anna Maria Arabella Fermor, sister and heiress of George Richard William Fermor, 5th and last Earl of Pomfret. In 1936 Rufford Old Hall, with its collection of arms and armour and 17th-century oak furniture, was donated to the National Trust by Thomas Fermor-Hesketh, 1st Baron Hesketh.^{[citation needed]}

There is some evidence to suggest that Shakespeare may have performed in the Great Hall. Local historian Katherine Eyre has argued that in about 1580 Shakespeare had been sent, by his Stratford schoolmaster, to be an assistant teacher in the household of Alexander Hoghton at Lea Hall near Preston, and the "wilim Shakeshaft nowe dwellynge with me", referred to by Hoghton in his will, could possibly be Shakespeare. In his will Hoghton, who died in 1581, had bequeathed to Sir Thomas Hesketh his musical instruments and "playe clothes". By about 1585 Shakespeare had joined a company of players kept by Lord Strange, son of Lord Derby, probably having been recommended by Sir Thomas.^[1] In her 1974 book, Lancashire Legends, Kathleen Eyre claims that although "it may be no more than a fond hope" there is evidence that a "William Shakeshaft" (a common version of Shakespeare's name) was a youthful member of the "Hesketh Company of Players" who visited in about 1585. The date coincides with Shakespeare's absence from Stratford-on-Avon following a bout of deer-stealing from neighbouring parks, particularly that of Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote.^[4]

The timber-framed hall house with great hall, in a late medieval pattern which continued in use in Tudor times, was built for Sir Robert Hesketh in about 1530. The hall, which formed the south wing, is substantially as built, 46.5 feet (14.2 m) long and 22 feet (6.7 m) wide, with the timbers sitting on a low stone wall. The hall has a flagged floor.^[5] It has a stone chimney, five bays, and a hammerbeam roof. The five hammerbeams each terminate, at both ends, in a carved wooden angel.^[6] The hall is overlooked by a quatrefoil squint in an arched doorway in the second-floor drawing room.^[1]

In 1661 a Jacobean style rustic brick wing was built at right angles to the great hall, which contrasts with the medieval black and white timbering. This wing was built from small two-inch bricks similar to Bank Hall, and Carr House and St Michael's Church in Much Hoole.^[7] The west wing, which housed the family apartments, was possibly destroyed in a fire.^[8]

In the 1820s a third wing was constructed, formed out of the medieval domestic offices, and a castellated tower was built to join the Great Hall to the Charles II wing. In 1949 a secret chamber, used as a priest hole in the 16th century, was discovered above the Great Hall.^[4]

A carved wooden screen made of bog oak in the Great Hall probably dates from between 1530 and 1540.^[9] It is described by Pevsner as being "of an exuberance of decoration matched nowhere else in England",^[6] and is the only known surviving example from the first half of the 16th century. It stands at the north end of the great hall, covering the entrance to the original kitchens.^[10] It has three finials and eight traceried panels. Angels carry shields bearing the arms of Fitton and Banastre families.^[1] The National Trust guidebook notes three errors in construction, and suggests that these may have been made deliberately, to avoid a charge of heresy being laid against its craftsmen, due to the contemporary belief that only God was capable of perfection. One panel is laid upside down, one has a variant pattern and one angel has an additional finger.^[10]

On the staircase is a painting by Godfrey Kneller of Thomas Hesketh,^[11] who was Second MP for Preston in 1722 and who rebuilt the east wing in the 1720s, with his wife Martha and son in 1723.^[1] The sitting room displays a copy of the 1577 map of Lancashire by Christopher Saxton.

The cottage, coach house and stables 10 metres (33 ft) east of the house are Grade II listed buildings.^[3] There are gardens and pasture to the rear and side of the hall, and woodland at the front. The Rufford Branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, completed in 1781, passes very close to the site on the east side. A feature of the gardens is a pair of topiary squirrels.

The hall is reputedly haunted by a grey lady, Queen Elizabeth I and a man in Elizabethan clothing.^[12] The figure of a man floating above the canal at the rear of the building has also been reported.^[13]

• Grade I listed buildings in Lancashire
• Listed buildings in Rufford, Lancashire

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rufford Old Hall.

• List of paintings on view
• Shakespeare at Rufford BBC
• Rufford Old Hall information at the National Trust
• RUFFORD and the HESKETHS at heskethbank.com
• "Rufford Old Hall" at nationaltrustimages.org.uk