Sanité Bélair

Sanité Bélair
Other name(s)Suzanne Bélair
Bornc. 1781
Died5 October 1802
Ranklieutenant
Battles / warsHaitian Revolution
Saint-Domingue expedition
Spouse(s)Charles Bélair

Suzanne Bélair, called Sanite Bélair, (c. 1781 – 5 October 1802),[1] was a Haitian revolutionary and lieutenant in the army of Toussaint Louverture.

Born an affranchi in Verrettes, Haiti, she married Brigade commander and later General Charles Bélair in 1796. She was an active participant in the Haitian Revolution, became a sergeant and later a lieutenant during the conflict with French troops of the Saint-Domingue expedition.[2]

Capture and execution

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Flag of Haitian insurgents 1803

Chased by Faustin Répussard's column of the French army, the Belairs took refuge in the Artibonite department. Répussard launched a surprise attack on Corail-Mirrault, and captured Sanité Bélair.[3] Her husband turned himself over as well to avoid being separated from her. Both were sentenced to death, her spouse was to be executed by firing squad and she by decapitation because of her sex. As she watched Bélair's execution, she calmly asked him to die bravely, then went to her own execution, refusing to wear a blindfold.[1][4][5] It is said that at her capture, when threatened with beheading, she successfully asserted the right to an honorable soldier's death by musketry, and standing before their muzzles cried "Viv libète! A ba esclavaj!" ("Long live freedom! Down with slavery!"). She refused to be blindfolded, and the executioner was unable to get her to bend her back and place her head on the block, the officer commanding the detachment was obliged to have her shot.[2][6][7]

Legacy

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2004 Haitian banknote featuring Sanité Bélair,(artist: Richard Barbot)

Sanite Bélair is considered as one of the heroes of the Haitian Revolution. In 2004, she was featured on the ten-gourd banknote of the Haitian gourde for the "Bicentennial of Haiti" Commemorative series.[4]

In 2023, she was one of the figures featured at the Panthéon, in Paris, in a double art and history exhibition highlighting little-known personalities who contributed to the abolition of the slave system.[8][9][10]

She is featured in the book and play Opéra poussière by Jean d'Amérique. He brings Sanité Bélair back to life, and she launches the #HéroïneEnColère movement to demand a proper place in the country's history and connect the heroine with the struggles against all oppressions today.[11][12][13]

References

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  1. ^ a b James, Cyril Lionel Robert (1963). The Black Jacobins; Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2d ed., rev ed.). New York: Vintage Books. p. 252. ISBN 0394702425. OCLC 362702.
  2. ^ a b "Hommage aux femmes esclaves, héroïnes méconnues | TV5MONDE - Informations". information.tv5monde.com (in French). 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  3. ^ Madiou, Thomas (1803). Histoire d'Haïti: 1799-1803. Editions H. Deschamps. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  4. ^ a b "Sanité Belair, héroïne de l'indépendance de Haïti". L'Humanité (in French). 2021-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  5. ^ Tucker, Phillip Thomas (2019). Martyred Lieutenant Sanité Bélair: Haiti's Revolutionary Heroine : a New Look at the Fighting "tigress" of the Struggle for Liberty. Phillip Thomas Tucker. ISBN 978-0-359-41303-4.
  6. ^ Femmes révolutionnaires d'Haïti Sanite Bélair (in French). 2024-01-05. Retrieved 2024-08-30 – via france.tv.
  7. ^ Vergès, Françoise (2017-03-01). "Toutes les féministes ne sont pas blanches". Le Portique. Revue de philosophie et de sciences humaines (in French) (39–40). doi:10.4000/leportique.2998. ISSN 1283-8594.
  8. ^ "Exposition : au Panthéon, à la recherche des héros oubliés de la lutte contre l'esclavage". La Croix (in French). 2023-11-20. ISSN 0242-6056. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  9. ^ "Exposition de Raphaël Barontini, « We could be heroes »". Le Centre des Monuments Nationaux.
  10. ^ "« We Could be Heroes » par Raphaël Barontini". France tv & vous (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  11. ^ "Opéra poussière". www.editionstheatrales.fr. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  12. ^ "Le très attendu «Opéra poussière» de Jean D'Amérique au Festival d'Avignon". RFI (in French). 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2024-08-30.
  13. ^ "Jean D'Amérique, la poésie pour boussole : épisode • 4/5 du podcast Ces artistes à suivre". France Culture (in French). Retrieved 2024-08-30.

Further reading

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  • Jomini, Antoine-Henri. (1842). Histoire critique et militaire des guerres de la Révolution. Brussels.
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Image

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