Sikhs for Justice

Sikhs for Justice
AbbreviationSFJ
FormationOctober 2007; 17 years ago (2007-10)
FounderGurpatwant Singh Pannun
Founded atUnited States
TypeNGO
Legal statusBanned in India
PurposeSecession of Punjab from India as Khalistan
HeadquartersNew York, United States
Official languages
Punjabi, English
Legal advisor
Gurpatwant Singh Pannun
International policy director
Jatinder Singh Grewal
Websitesikhsforjustice.org

Sikhs for Justice (SFJ) is a U.S.-based secessionist group advocating for the creation of Khalistan. Founded in 2009 by lawyer Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, the organization emerged in response to the lack of legal action to convict those responsible for the killings and massacres of Sikhs following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards in 1984.[1]

Sikhs for Justice was banned in India in 2019 as an unlawful association. In October 2021, it held an unsanctioned referendum for the creation of Khalistan.[2][3]

History

In 2011, Sikhs for Justice filed a lawsuit in a U.S. court against Kamal Nath and several other leaders of the Indian National Congress for their alleged role in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.[4][5] However, the court dismissed the case, stating that it did not sufficiently "touch and concern" the U.S.[6] In September 2013, the group filed an amended class-action complaint against Sonia Gandhi, accusing her of protecting party members involved in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. This case was also dismissed in June 2014 due to a lack of subject matter jurisdiction and failure to state a claim.[7] SFJ had intended to subpoena Rahul Gandhi after he acknowledged that "some Congressmen were probably involved" in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots and claimed they had been punished for it.[8]

In February 2014, the group filed a human rights violation case against the 13th Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh (himself a Sikh), for his role as Finance Minister in the 1990s, accusing him of "funding crimes against humanity perpetrated upon the Sikh community in India."[9] They also submitted a report on the 1984 anti-Sikh riots to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.[10]

Khalistan referendum campaign

Main article: Khalistan Referendum

SFJ launched the Referendum 2020 campaign, calling for a vote on whether Punjab should secede from India. The first phase of this unofficial and non-binding referendum began in London on 31 October 2021.[3][11] In November 2018, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun announced that SFJ would establish a permanent office in Lahore to facilitate voter registration and provide information to Sikhs about the referendum. He also mentioned that banners related to the referendum and images of militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale had been displayed around Nankana Sahib.[12] The group has occasionally expressed support for a greater Khalistan, with its headquarters in Pakistan's Punjab province, and has invited non-Sikhs to register to vote.[13]

Sukhpal Singh Khaira, MLA of the Punjab Legislative Assembly and Leader of the Opposition at the time, stated that "Sikh Referendum 2020 was a result of the consistent policy of bias, discrimination, and persecution towards Sikhs by successive governments in India," though he clarified that he did not support the referendum. Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh rebuked him, and both the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Bhartiya Janata Party criticized Khaira for his statement. Former Punjab Deputy Chief Minister Sukhbir Singh Badal called on AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal to take action against Khaira, then the Punjab Leader of the Opposition.[14] In contrast, a Sikh delegation in the United States met with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his September 2019 visit to express their support for a united India.[15]

On 31 October 2021, SFJ held the first round of its referendum in London for Sikhs of Indian ethnicity aged 18 and above, announcing plans to expand voting to other cities in the United Kingdom.[16] However, only 2,000 people were reported to have participated.[17] In Switzerland, the referendum took place in Geneva on 10 December 2021, with over 6,000 Sikhs reported to have taken part.[18] In 2022, SFJ held a referendum in Italy, with the first phase in Brescia in May and the second phase in Rome in July. Over 57,000 Sikhs were reported to have participated.[19]

On 10 June 2022, the group released a proposed map of Khalistan at a press conference in Lahore. In addition to Indian Punjab, the map included Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. Gurpatwant Singh Pannun stated that Shimla would be the capital of the proposed nation and requested assistance from the Government of Pakistan in its creation.[20]

The referendum in Canada began on 19 September 2022, with the first phase held in Brampton.[21] The second phase took place in Mississauga in November.[22] Approximately 185,000 Sikhs were reported to have participated in both phases.[23]

In Australia, the referendum was held in Canberra on 29 January 2023, leading to clashes between pro-Khalistani and pro-Indian groups.[24] On 10 September 2023, another round of the referendum took place in Surrey, British Columbia,[25] followed by another on 29 October 2023 in Surrey.[26]

On 28 January 2024, approximately 127,000 people participated in the referendum held at Civic Center Plaza in San Francisco, California.[27] On 31 March 2024, the second phase of the referendum took place in Sacramento, California, where around 61,000 people participated.[28]

Kartarpur Corridor activism

The Kartarpur Corridor is a religious passageway, supported by the Indian and Pakistani governments, that allows Indian Sikhs to visit holy sites in Pakistan without requiring a visa. Members of Sikhs for Justice (SFJ) have used the corridor to promote Referendum 2020, urging pilgrims traveling across it to attend workshops and seminars on the Pakistani side.[29][30][31][32] This, along with reports of alleged terrorist camps established in the region, has led to increased security surrounding the corridor.[33]

2023 video controversy

On 18 September 2023, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that Canadian intelligence agencies were "pursuing credible allegations of a potential link" between Indian government agents and the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Following this, a video began circulating on social media in which Gurpatwant Singh Pannun warned Indo-Canadian Hindus to leave Canada and "go to India," further alleging that they were disloyal to Canada. Numerous Canadian politicians, including federal party leaders Pierre Poilievre and Jagmeet Singh, as well as ministers in the federal cabinet, denounced the video. Canada's Public Safety Minister, Dominic LeBlanc, described it as "offensive and hateful."[34][35][36][37]

Criminal accusations

As of July 2019, Indian agencies, including the National Investigation Agency (NIA), Punjab Police, and Uttarakhand Police, were pursuing 12 criminal cases related to Sikhs for Justice (SFJ). These agencies had also arrested 39 individuals associated with the SFJ in India.[38] According to former Chief Minister of Punjab Captain Amarinder Singh, SFJ "had unleashed a wave of terror in Punjab in recent years" and deserved to be classified as a terrorist organization.[38]

A member of the group was arrested in Malaysia in September 2019, along with others, for allegedly planning to attack local party leaders.[39] Additionally, a member of the Khalistan Zindabad Force, who was detained that same month for a bombing in Tarn Taran, claimed that the group had ordered him to kill dera leaders of local religious sects.[40]

SFJ activist Jaswinder Singh Multani was detained and questioned in Germany in December 2021 for his alleged role in the bombing of a court in Ludhiana.[41] In January 2022, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) registered a case against him and announced a ₹1,000,000 reward for information leading to his capture.[42] Following the attack, a purported audio message from Gurpatwant Singh Pannun claiming responsibility for the 2022 Mohali blast was released.[43]

According to audio recordings of Gurpatwant Singh Pannun obtained by the Punjab Police from two SFJ members in July 2022, the group attempted to arrange shelter for the killers of singer Sidhu Moose Wala and planned to target Ambala Cantonment Junction railway station and Ambala City railway station, as well as disrupt Independence Day celebrations in Delhi and Punjab.[44] Pannun has been booked in 22 cases in Punjab from 2017 to 2022. In October 2022, India requested Interpol to issue a red notice against him, but the request was rejected.[45]

Purported audio from the group was released in December 2022, in which they claimed responsibility for the recent attack on a Tarn Taran police station.[46] However, Pannun later stated that the organization only engaged in a peaceful struggle and would provide legal aid to the suspects, whom he claimed were falsely accused.[47]

On 13 December 2023, the 22nd anniversary of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun released a video threatening to attack the Parliament of India in response to alleged attempts on his life. The video also included a photo of Afzal Guru, the executed Islamist mastermind behind the 2001 attack.[48]

In May 2024, the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi, V. K. Saxena, recommended a National Investigation Agency (NIA) probe against Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal and his Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government over allegations of receiving $16 million in funding from Sikh separatist groups. These allegations were based on a complaint referencing a video released by Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, in which he claimed that the AAP had received this funding from 2014 to 2022 in an attempt to facilitate the release of Devinder Pal Singh Bhullar and promote pro-Khalistan sentiments.[49]

Rajya Sabha MP V. Sivadasan wrote a letter to Vice President and Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Jagdeep Dhankhar, on 21 July 2024, alleging that he and another MP, A. A. Rahim, had received a call from the group, which threatened to bomb the area from the Parliament House to the Red Fort.[50]

Ban and blocks

Access to the group's Facebook page was blocked in India by Facebook in 2015.[51]

Sikhs for Justice (SFJ) was banned for five years by the Government of India on 10 July 2019 under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) for its alleged anti-India activities.[52] An app created by SFJ for people to register for 'Referendum 2020' was reported and removed from the Google Play Store in November 2019.[53][54] The ban was extended for an additional five years in July 2024.[55]

In January 2020, the UAPA tribunal, chaired by Delhi High Court Chief Justice D.N. Patel, upheld the decision to ban the group. Citing the evidence presented, the tribunal stated that the activities of the group were "unlawful," "disruptive," and "threatening the sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of India." It concluded that SFJ was "working in collusion with anti-India entities and forces," and therefore, "[T]he Central Government had sufficient cause to take action under UAPA for declaring Sikhs for Justice as an unlawful association."[56]

On 1 July 2020, Gurpatwant Singh Pannun was declared an "individual terrorist" under the UAPA for promoting secessionism and allegedly encouraging Punjabi Sikh youth to take up arms.[57] On 5 July 2020, the central government, through an order from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and on the recommendation of the Ministry of Home Affairs, banned 40 websites belonging to the group.[58][59]

References

  1. ^ Kurien, Prema. "Shifting U.S. Racial and Ethnic Identities and Sikh American Activism" (PDF). The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: 92. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
  2. ^ Fareed, Maida. "Sikh Separatism in India" (PDF). Institute of Regional Studies: 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Sikhs worldwide to take part in referendum on Punjab independence". The National. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
  4. ^ "Sikhs for Justice v. Nath, 893 F. Supp. 2d 598 | Casetext Search + Citator". casetext.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  5. ^ "US court summons Congress for Sikh 'genocide' in 1984". The Economic Times. March 3, 2011. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  6. ^ "US court dismisses 1984 rights violation case against Congress". The Economic Times. December 20, 2014. Archived from the original on July 8, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  7. ^ Singh, Yoshita (June 11, 2014). "1984 riots case: US court dismisses lawsuit against Sonia Gandhi". Livemint. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  8. ^ "Sikh rights group to subpoena Rahul Gandhi before US Court". The Economic Times. January 30, 2014. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  9. ^ "US court permits Sikh group to summon Manmohan Singh". Business Standard India. Indo-Asian News Service. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
  10. ^ "1984 riots: Sikhs protest outside United Nations headquarters demanding justice". The Economic Times. November 8, 2014. Archived from the original on October 21, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  11. ^ "Amid Protests In India, Separatists to Hold Punjab Referendum 2020 Rally in UK Today". News18. August 12, 2018. Archived from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  12. ^ "Pak allows SFJ to open 'Referendum 2020' office in Lahore". Times of India. November 23, 2018. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  13. ^ "Khalistani outfit SFJ wants Greater Khalistan with headquarters in Pakistan's Lahore". India Today. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  14. ^ "Referendum 2020 reverberates in Punjab politics". SBS Your Language. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  15. ^ Rajghatta, Chidanand (September 22, 2019). "Modi in Houston: PM Modi meets minorities in Houston to showcase India's diversity and complexity | World News - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  16. ^ "'Turnout less than 2,000': Khalistan referendum in London a damp squib". The Hindustan Times. November 2, 2021. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  17. ^ "SFJ holds 'referendum' on Punjab in London". The Times of India. November 1, 2021. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  18. ^ "Sikhs cast votes in Geneva for Khalistan referendum". The Express Tribune. December 11, 2021. Archived from the original on September 18, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  19. ^ "Sikhs hold referendum in Italy for creation of Khalistan". The News International. July 4, 2022. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  20. ^ Canton, Naomi (June 9, 2022). "Banned SFJ leader unveils 'Khalistan map', with Shimla as 'capital', before Pak press in Lahore". The Times of India. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  21. ^ "Khalistan Referendum in Canada: All you need to know". Livemint. September 24, 2022. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  22. ^ "SFJ Pannun announces next round of Khalistan referendum for separate Sikh nation in Australian's Canberra". The Tribune. November 15, 2022. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  23. ^ Fiffe, Robert; Chase, Steven (December 12, 2022). "Trudeau urged to tell India to stop interfering in Canadian Sikhs' drive for independent Punjab". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  24. ^ Arora, Avneet; Grewal, Preetinder (January 30, 2023). "Voting in 'Khalistan referendum' unfolds amid clashes in Melbourne". Special Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  25. ^ "'This is not a fringe movement': Tens of thousands turn out for Khalistan vote held at Surrey gurdwara | Globalnews.ca". Global News.
  26. ^ Miljure, Ben (September 14, 2023). "Thousands in Surrey cast ballots on Sikh independence from India". CTV News Vancouver. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  27. ^ Mujaddid, Ghulam (February 3, 2024). "America and the Khalistan Referendum". Stratheia. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  28. ^ "Over 200,000 American Sikhs vote in Khalistan referendum in California". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  29. ^ Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (August 9, 2018). "Website of Sikhs for justice has links with Pakistan". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on July 13, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  30. ^ "Pak minister's disclosure on Kartarpur Corridor has exposed their nefarious designs: Amarinder Singh". The Times of India. PTI. December 1, 2019. Archived from the original on December 1, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  31. ^ Singh, Rajnish (July 17, 2019). "U.S.-Based Sikhs For Justice, Banned by India, Has Pakistani Links". India West. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  32. ^ "India won't let ISI-backed SFJ disturb its stability: Captain Amarinder Singh". Kashmir Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  33. ^ Booding, Darius (November 5, 2019). "Security increased at Kartarpur Corridor after 'terror camps' were spotted near Gurudwara Darbar Sahib". Liist Studio. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  34. ^ "Officials, politicians denounce 'hateful' video telling Indian Hindus to leave Canada". CBC.
  35. ^ "Canadian ministers condemn SFJ video asking Hindus of Indian origin to leave nation". Hindustan Times. September 22, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  36. ^ "Nijjar killing: Sikhs for Justice asks Hindus of Indian origin to leave Canada". Hindustan Times. September 20, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2023. Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), a pro-Khalistan organisation banned in India in 2019, has threatened Hindus of Indian origin and asked them to leave Canada for supporting the country of their origin and "promoting violence" by celebrating Khalistani leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar's killing.
  37. ^ "India warns students as Nijjar's lawyer asks Indo-Hindu to leave Canada". National Post. Gurpatwant Singh Pannu, Nijjar's lawyer, questioned Indian Canadians' loyalty to Canada in a video that has gone viral on social media. "Indo-Hindu leave Canada; go to India. You not only support India, but you are also supporting the suppression of speech and expression of pro-Khalistan Sikhs," he says in the video.
  38. ^ a b Sen, Sudhi Ranjan (July 10, 2019). "Government bans US-based pro-Khalistan group Sikhs for Justice". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
  39. ^ "Sikh Woman Among 16 Terror Suspects Arrested By Malaysian Police". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  40. ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (September 23, 2019). "Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran". India Today. Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  41. ^ Chitleen K. Sethi (December 29, 2021). "Banned SFJ denies 'propagandist' arrested by Germany, distances itself from Ludhiana blast". The Print. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  42. ^ "NIA announces Rs 10 lakh reward on SFJ's Jaswinder Singh Multani". The Deccan Herald. January 19, 2022. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  43. ^ "Mohali blast: Banned outfit SFJ claims responsibility for attack, 20 suspects held". The Times of India. May 11, 2022. Archived from the original on January 30, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  44. ^ Jupinderjit Singh (July 20, 2022). "SFJ tried arranging shelter for Sidhu Moosewala killers, phone recordings of 2 Rajpura residents arrested in Patiala reveal". The Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  45. ^ Rajmeet Singh (October 13, 2022). "Gurpatwant Pannu wanted in 22 cases but Interpol won't act". The Tribune. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  46. ^ Anil Sharma (December 10, 2022). "Police station in Punjab attacked by RPG, NIA reaches spot". The Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  47. ^ Kamaljit Kaur Sandhu (December 12, 2022). "Pro Khalistan outfit SFJ announces legal aid for suspects of Tarn Taran police station attack". India Today. Archived from the original on February 10, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  48. ^ "Delhi Police on alert after banned outfit Sikhs for Justice chief threatens to attack Parliament". The Hindu. Press Trust Agency of India. December 6, 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  49. ^ Kunal, Kumar; Jain, Pankaj (May 6, 2024). "Lt Governor suggests NIA probe against Arvind Kejriwal over 'Khalistani funding'". The Hindu. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
  50. ^ "CPI(M) Rajya Sabha MP says got threat call allegedly from 'Sikhs for Justice', writes to Chairman Dhankhar". Deccan Herald. July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  51. ^ "Facebook allowed to block 'Sikhs for Justice' page in India: US court". Hindustan Times. November 24, 2015. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  52. ^ Kamaljit Kaur Sandhu (July 10, 2019). "Centre bans pro-Khalistan fringe group Sikhs for Justice, Punjab CM welcomes move". India Today. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  53. ^ Pioneer, The. "Google removes '2020 Sikh Referendum' app from Play Store". The Pioneer. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  54. ^ "Google takes down pro-Khalistan "2020 Sikh Referendum" app from its play store". The Statesman. November 19, 2019. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  55. ^ "Centre Extends Ban On Gurpatwant Singh Pannun's Sikhs For Justice By 5 Years". NDTV. Press Trust of India. July 9, 2024. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
  56. ^ PTI (January 9, 2020). "UAPA Tribunal upholds ban on pro-Khalistan group Sikhs for Justice". India Today. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  57. ^ "Punjab: Pro-Khalistan outfit member Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, associates booked for sedition". Deccan Herald. July 2, 2020. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  58. ^ Pandey, Devesh K. (July 5, 2020). "India blocks 40 websites of Sikhs For Justice". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  59. ^ "Govt blocks 40 websites of banned pro-Khalistan group Sikhs For Justice". Hindustan Times. July 5, 2020. Archived from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikhs_for_Justice&oldid=1251416552"