Sister republic
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A sister republic (French: république sœur, pronounced [ʁepyblik sœʁ] ) was a republic established by the French First Republic or by local revolutionaries during the French Revolutionary Wars. These republics, though nominally independent, relied heavily on France for protection, making them more akin to autonomous territories rather than independent states. This became particularly evident after the declaration of the French Empire, when several states were annexed, and the remaining turned into monarchies ruled by members of the Bonaparte family.
History
[edit]The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from Whiggism and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.[1]
Sister republics in Italy
[edit]- The Subalpine Republic (1800–1802), annexed by the French Republic
- The Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered by Napoleon in 1800 and renamed the Subalpine Republic (Novara to the Italian Republic)
- The
Republic of Alba (1796), reconquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia
- The
- The Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered by Napoleon in 1800 and renamed the Subalpine Republic (Novara to the Italian Republic)
- The
Parthenopean Republic (1799), reconquered by the Sanfedisti for the King of Naples and Sicily
- The
Republic of Pescara (1799), reunited with the Kingdom of Naples
- The
- The
Roman Republic (1798–1799), ended with the restoration of the Papal States
- The
Anconine Republic (1797–1798), joined the Roman Republic
- The
Tiberina Republic (1798–1799), joined the Roman Republic
- The
- The
Ligurian Republic (1797–1805), annexed by the French Empire
- The
Republic of Lucca (1799 and 1800–01), later continued (1801–05) under the old oligarchy and replaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino
- The
Italian Republic (1802–1805), transformed into the Kingdom of Italy
- The
Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802), transformed into the Italian Republic
- The
Cispadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
- The Bolognese Republic (1796), annexed by the Cispadane Republic
- The
Transpadane Republic (1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
- The
Republic of Crema (1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
- The Republic of Bergamo (1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
- The Republic of Brescia (1797), annexed by the Cisalpine Republic
- The
- The
- The Provisional Municipality of Venice (1797–1798), annexed by the Austrian Empire
Other sister republics
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D062-_N%C2%B0_435._Les_r%C3%A9publiques_s%C5%93urs._-_Liv3-Ch16.png/220px-D062-_N%C2%B0_435._Les_r%C3%A9publiques_s%C5%93urs._-_Liv3-Ch16.png)
- The
Republic of Bouillon (1794–1795)
- The
Republic of Liège (1789–1791)
- The Rauracian Republic (1792–1793), French revolutionary republic in Basel
- The Lémanique Republic (1798), joined the Helvetic Republic
- The Republic of Mainz (1793), French revolutionary republic in Rhenish Hesse and the Electoral Palatinate
- The
Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
- The
Cisrhenian Republic (1797)
- The
Irish Republic (1798), accompanied General Jean Joseph Amable Humbert's Irish expedition in support of the Irish Rebellion of 1798
- The
Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
- The
Republic of Danzig (1807–1814)
- The
Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810) (Valais)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Van Wie, Paul D. (1999). Image, History, and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe. University Press of America. pp. 116–7. ISBN 9780761812227. Retrieved 24 June 2015.