Five dynasties of Delhi Sultanate
Sultan of Delhi Flag
Style First monarch Qutb ud-Din Aibak Last monarch Ibrahim Khan Lodi Formation 12 June 1206 Abolition 21 April 1526 (Total 319 years) Residence Appointer Hereditary
The Sultan of Delhi was the absolute monarch of the Delhi Sultanate which stretched over large parts of the subcontinent during the period of Medieval India , for 320 years (1206–1526).[ 1] [ 2] Following the conquest of South Asia by the Ghurids, five unrelated heterogeneous dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414),[ 3] the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swaths of territory in modern-day India , Pakistan , and Bangladesh .[ 4]
This list contains the rulers of Delhi Sultanate in chronological order.[ 5]
Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290)[ edit ] S/N Name of ruler Birth Date Death Date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 1 Qutb-ud-din Aibak 1150 14 November 1210 25 June 1206 14 November 1210 2 Aram Shah 1176 June 1211 December 1210 June 1211 3 Iltutmish unknown 30 April 1236 June 1211 30 April 1236 Son-in-law of Aibak 4 Ruknuddin Firuz (Firuz I) unknown 19 November 1236 April/May 1236 November 1236 Son of Iltutmish 5 Razia Sultana c. 1205[ 6] 15 October 1240 November 1236 20 April 1240 Daughter of Iltutmish 6 Muiz ud din Bahram 9 July 1212 15 May 1242 May 1240 15 May 1242 Son of Iltutmish 7 Ala-ud-Din Masud Shah unknown 10 June 1246 May 1242 10 June 1246 Son of Ruknuddin Firuz 8 Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (Mahmud I) 1229 or 1230 18 February 1266 10 June 1246 18 February 1266 Grandson of Iltutmish 9 Ghiyas ud din Balban 1216 1287 February 1266 1287 Turkish noble in the court of Iltutmish 10 Muiz ud din Qaiqabad 1269 1 February 1290 1287 1 February 1290 Grandson of Balban 11 Shamsuddin Kayumars 1285/1287 13 June 1290 1 February 1290 13 June 1290 Son of Qaiqabad
Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)[ edit ] S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 12 Jalal-ud-din Khalji (Firuz II) 1220 19 July 1296 13 June 1290 19 July 1296 – Ruknuddin Ibrahim unknown after 1296 July 1296 November 1296 Son of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. He ruled for a short time, not always indicating his names on the lists. 13 Alauddin Khalji c. 1266 4 January 1316 November 1296 4 January 1316 Nephew of Jalal-ud-din Khalji 14 Shihabuddin Omar 1310 or 1311 April 1316 5 January 1316 April 1316 Son of Alauddin Khalji 15 Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah 1299 9 July 1320 14 April 1316 1 May 1320 Son of Alauddin Khalji
Outside of the dynasties (1320)[ edit ] S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 16 Khusrau Khan unknown 1320 10 July 1320 5 September 1320 He ruled for a short time, not founding a dynasty.
Tughluq dynasty (1320–1414)[ edit ] S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 17 Ghiyasuddin Tughluq unknown 1 February 1325 8 September 1320 1 February 1325 18 Muhammad bin Tughluq (Muhammad II) c. 1290 20 March 1351 1 February 1325 20 March 1351 Son of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq 19 Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Firuz III) 1309 20 September 1388 23 March 1351 20 September 1388 Son-in-law of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq 20 Tughluq Khan (Tughluq II) unknown 14 March 1389 20 September 1388 14 March 1389 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq 21 Abu Bakr Shah unknown after 1390 15 March 1389 August 1390 Grandson of Firuz Shah Tughlaq 22 Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (Muhammad III) unknown 20 January 1394 31 August 1390 20 January 1394 Son of Firuz Shah Tughlaq 23 Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah unknown 8 March 1394 22 January 1394 8 March 1394 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III 24 Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah Tughluq unknown February 1413 March 1394 February 1413 Son of Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III – Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq unknown 1398 or 1399 January 1395 1398 or 1399 Brother of Tughluq Khan. Mahmud Shah's anti-king, claimant to the throne, sub-ruler.
Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)[ edit ] S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 25 Khizr Khan unknown 20 May 1421 28 May 1414 20 May 1421 26 Mubarak Shah unknown 19 February 1434 21 May 1421 19 February 1434 Son of Khizr Khan 27 Muhammad Shah (Muhammad IV) unknown January 1445 February 1434 January 1445 Grandson of Khizr Khan 28 Alam Shah unknown July 1478 January 1445 19 April 1451 Son of Muhammad Shah
Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)[ edit ] S/N Name Birth date Death date Beginning of reign End of reign Notes 29 Bahlul Lodi 1420 12 July 1489 19 April 1451 12 July 1489 30 Sikandar Lodi (Sikandar II) 17 July 1458 21 November 1517 17 July 1489 21 November 1517 Son of Bahlul Lodi 31 Ibrahim Lodi 1480 21 April 1526 November 1517 21 April 1526 Son of Sikandar Lodi
Mamluk dynasty (1206-1290)[ edit ] Khalji/Khilji dynasty (1290-1320)[ edit ] Tughluq dynasty (1320-1414)[ edit ] Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451)[ edit ] Lodi dynasty (1451-1526)[ edit ] ^ Delhi Sultanate , Encyclopedia Britannica ^ A. Schimmel, Islam in the Indian Subcontinent, Leiden, 1980 ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History . Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4 . ^ Chapman, Graham. "Religious vs. regional determinism: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh as inheritors of empire." Shared space: Divided space. Essays on conflict and territorial organization (1990): 106-134. ^ "سلاطین دہلی - وجود" . www.wujood.com (in Urdu). Retrieved 13 November 2023 . ^ Smithsonian "TIMELINES OF EVERYONE" (1st ed.). U.S. U.K.: DK. 2020. p. 63. ISBN 9781465499967 . Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.