The Dinosaur Heresies
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011) |
Paperback edition front cover, Illustration by John Gurche (1985) | |
Author | Robert T. Bakker |
---|---|
Language | English |
Publisher | Citadel Press (current edition) |
Publication date | 1986 |
Publication place | United States |
Media type | Print/Hardcover |
Pages | 481 pp. |
ISBN | 0-8217-5608-7 |
OCLC | 36439291 |
The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking the Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction is a 1986 book written by Robert T. Bakker.[1][2]
The book sums up the extant evidence that indicates that dinosaurs, rather than being cold-blooded and wholly lizard-like, were warm-blooded, agile creatures more similar to modern birds than to lizards or other reptiles. Although controversial on publication in 1986,[3] much of The Dinosaur Heresies now represents the prevalent view in paleontological circles (although other parts have been outdated by more current research).[citation needed]
The main arguments used to show that dinosaurs were warm-blooded are:
- Almost all animals that walk upright today are warm-blooded, and dinosaurs walked upright.
- The hearts of warm-blooded animals can pump much more effectively than the hearts of cold-blooded animals. Therefore, the giant sauropod dinosaur Brachiosaurus must have had the type of heart associated with warm-blooded animals in order to pump blood all the way up to its head.
- Dinosaurs such as Deinonychus led a very active life, which is much more compatible with a warm-blooded animal.
- Some dinosaurs lived in northern latitudes, where it would have been impossible for cold-blooded animals to keep warm.
- The rapid rate of speciation and evolution found in dinosaurs is typical of warm-blooded animals and atypical of cold-blooded animals.
- The predator/prey ratio of predatory dinosaurs to their prey is a signature trait of warm-blooded predators rather than cold-blooded ones.
- Birds are warm-blooded. Birds evolved from dinosaurs, therefore a change to a warm-blooded metabolism must have taken place at some point; there is far more change between dinosaurs and their ancestors, the archosaurs, than between dinosaurs and birds.
- Warm-blooded metabolisms are evolutionary advantages for top predators and large herbivores; if the dinosaurs had not been warm-blooded, there should be fossil evidence showing mammals evolving to fill these ecological niches. No such evidence exists; in fact, mammals by the end of the Cretaceous had become smaller and smaller from their synapsid ancestors.
- Dinosaurs grew rapidly, evidence for which can be found by observing cross-sections of their bones.
References
[edit]- ^ Kakutani, Michiko (1986-11-08). "BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Dinosaur Mysteries". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-01-06.
- ^ "Review of The Dinosaur Heresies by Robert T. Bakker". Kirkus Reviews. 21 November 1986.
- ^ Horner, John R. (1988). "The Dinosaur Heresies. New Theories Unlocking the Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction. Robert T. Bakker". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 63 (2): 210–211. doi:10.1086/415850. ISSN 0033-5770.