Greens–European Free Alliance

The Greens/European
Free Alliance
European Parliament group
NameThe Greens/European Free Alliance
English abbr.Greens/EFA[1]
French abbr.Verts/ALE[2]
Formal nameParliamentary Group of The Greens/European Free Alliance in the European Parliament
IdeologyGreen politics
Political positionCentre-left[3] to left-wing[4]
European partiesEuropean Green Party (majority)
Volt Europa (majority)
European Free Alliance (minority)
European Pirate Party (majority)
From1999; 25 years ago (1999)
Preceded byThe Green Group
European Radical Alliance
Chaired byBas Eickhout
Terry Reintke
MEP(s)
53 / 720
Websitegreens-efa.eu
Part of a series on
Green politics
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The Greens/European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) is a political group of the European Parliament composed primarily of green political parties.[5][6][7]

The group consists of four distinct European political parties, namely the European Green Party (EGP), Volt Europa (Volt), part of the European Free Alliance (EFA) and the European Pirate Party (PPEU).

History

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Formed following the 1999 European elections for the 5th European Parliament, the group has generally limited its membership to progressive parties.[8] These European parties are joined by MEPs from non-aligned national parties, which have included the Dutch Europe Transparent (2004–2009) and the Swedish (2009–2014), German (2014–) and Czech (2019–) Pirate Parties.[9]

9th European Parliament

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On 9 June 2019, following a pan-European vote of party members, Volt Europa chose to join the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament.[10][11]

10th European Parliament

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On 19 June 2024, the group elected Bas Eickhout, and re-elected Terry Reintke, as Co-Presidents of the group.[12] On 25 June, the group elected the members of its bureau.[13]

MEPs

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10th European Parliament

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Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)
Greens–European Free Alliance has MEPs in 17 member states. Dark green indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light green indicates member states sending a single MEP.
State National party European party MEPs[14]
 Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 20
 Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 8
Green EGP
1 / 12
Croatia Croatia We can! EGP
1 / 12
Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Pirate Party PPEU
1 / 21
 Denmark Green Left EGP
3 / 15
 Finland Green League EGP
2 / 15
 France The Ecologists EGP
5 / 81
Germany Germany Alliance 90/The Greens EGP
12 / 96
Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland (Volt) 		Volt Europa
3 / 96
 Italy Green Europe EGP
4 / 76
 Latvia The Progressives EGP
1 / 9
 Lithuania Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" EGP
1 / 11
 Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
 Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
4 / 31
Volt Netherlands
Volt Nederland (Volt) 		Volt Europa
2 / 31
Romania Romania Independent
Nicolae Ștefănuță 		Independent
1 / 33
 Slovenia Vesna - Green Party EGP
1 / 9
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia EFA
1 / 61
Galician Nationalist Bloc EFA
1 / 61
Catalunya en Comú EGP associate member
1 / 61
Més–Compromís EFA
1 / 61
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
3 / 21
 European Union Total
53 / 720

9th European Parliament

[edit]
Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)
Greens–European Free Alliance MEPs 2019-2024. Dark green indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light green indicates member states sending a single MEP.
State National party European party MEPs[15]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative
Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) 		EGP               
3 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
2 / 8
Green
Groen 		EGP
1 / 12
Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Pirate Party
Česká pirátská strana (Piráti) 		PPEU
3 / 21
Denmark Denmark Green Left
Socialistisk Folkeparti (SF) 		EGP
2 / 14
Finland Finland Green League
Vihreä liitto (Vihr) 		EGP
3 / 14
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens
Europe Écologie Les Verts (EELV) 		EGP
10 / 79
Let's Do Corsica
Femu a Corsica (FaC) 		EFA individual member
1 / 79
Breton Democratic Union
Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (UDB) 		EFA
1 / 79
Germany Germany Alliance 90/The Greens
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (Grüne) 		EGP
21 / 96
Ecological Democratic Party
Ökologisch-Demokratische Partei (ÖDP) 		EFA individual member
1 / 96
Pirate Party Germany
Piratenpartei Deutschland (Piraten) 		PPEU
1 / 96
Volt Germany
Volt Deutschland (Volt) 		Volt Europa
1 / 96
Independent
Nico Semsrott 		Independent
1 / 96
Greece Greece Kosmos
Κόσμος 		None
1 / 21
 Italy Territorial Equity Movement
Movimento Equità Territoriale (MET) 		EFA individual member
1 / 76
Independents
Ignazio Corrao, Rosa D'Amato 		Independent
2 / 76
Republic of Ireland Ireland Green Party
Comhaontas Glas 		EGP
2 / 13
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union
Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga (LVŽS) 		None
2 / 11
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens
Déi Gréng (DG) 		EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft
GroenLinks (GL) 		EGP
3 / 29
Poland Poland Independent
Sylwia Spurek 		Independent
1 / 52
Portugal Portugal Independent
Francisco Guerreiro 		Independent
1 / 21
Romania Romania Independent
Nicolae Ștefănuță 		Independent
1 / 33
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia
Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) 		EFA
2 / 59
Galician Nationalist Bloc
Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG) 		EFA
1 / 59
Sweden Sweden Green Party
Miljöpartiet de gröna (MP) 		EGP
3 / 21
 European Union Total
72 / 705

8th European Parliament

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Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2014–2019)
State National party European party MEPs 2014[16]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
3 / 18
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 21
Green EGP
1 / 21
Croatia Croatia ORaH[B 1] EGP
1 / 11
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 13
Estonia Estonia Indrek Tarand (independent) Independent[17]
1 / 6
Finland Finland Green League EGP
1 / 13
France France Europe Ecology – The Greens[B 2] EGP
6 / 74
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
11 / 96
Pirate Party PPEU
1 / 96
Ecological Democratic Party None
1 / 96
Hungary Hungary Politics Can Be Different EGP
1 / 21
Dialogue for Hungary None
1 / 21
Italy Italy Federation of the Greens EGP
1 / 73
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 8
Lithuania Lithuania Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union None
1 / 11
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
2 / 26
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Coalició Compromís EFA
1 / 54
New Catalan Left EFA
1 / 54
Slovenia Slovenia Verjamem None
1 / 8
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
4 / 20
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
3 / 73
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 73
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 73
 European Union
Total
52 / 751

7th European Parliament

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Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2009–2014)
State National party European party MEPs 2009[18]
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
2 / 22
Green EGP
1 / 22
New Flemish Alliance[B 4] EFA
1 / 22
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 13
Estonia Estonia Indrek Tarand (independent) Independent[17]
1 / 6
Finland Finland Green League EGP
2 / 13
France France The Greens EGP
15 / 74
Party of the Corsican Nation EFA
1 / 72
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
14 / 99
Greece Greece Ecologist Greens EGP
1 / 22
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 9
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
3 / 26
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
2 / 20
Pirate Party PPEU
2 / 20
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
2 / 73
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 73
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 73
 European Union
Total
55 / 751

6th European Parliament

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Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2004–2009)
State National party European party MEPs 2004
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 19
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
1 / 24
Green EGP
1 / 24
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 14
Finland Finland Green League EGP
1 / 14
France France The Greens EGP
6 / 78
Party of the Corsican Nation EFA
1 / 78
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
13 / 99
Italy Italy Federation of the Greens EGP
2 / 78
Latvia Latvia Latvian Russian Union EFA
1 / 9
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
Netherlands Netherlands GreenLeft EGP
2 / 23
Europe Transparent None
2 / 23
Romania Romania László Tőkés (independent)[B 5] Independent
1 / 35
Spain Spain Republican Left of Catalonia[B 3] EFA
1 / 54
Initiative for Catalonia Greens EGP
1 / 54
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
1 / 19
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
2 / 78
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 78
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
1 / 78
 European Union
Total
42 / 751

5th European Parliament

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Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (1999–2004)
State National party European party MEPs 1999
Austria Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative EGP
2 / 21
Belgium Belgium Ecolo EGP
3 / 25
Green EGP
2 / 25
People's Union EFA
2 / 25
Denmark Denmark Socialist People's Party EGP
1 / 16
Finland Finland Green League EGP
2 / 15
France France The Greens EGP
9 / 87
Germany Germany Alliance '90/The Greens EGP
7 / 99
Italy Italy Federation of the Greens EGP
2 / 87
Republic of Ireland Ireland Green Party EGP
2 / 15
Luxembourg Luxembourg The Greens EGP
1 / 6
NetherlandsNetherlands GreenLeft EGP
2 / 23
Spain Spain Eusko Alkartasuna PNV
1 / 63
Basque Nationalist Party PNV
1 / 63
Andalusian Party EC
1 / 63
Galician Nationalist Bloc EFA
1 / 63
Sweden Sweden Green Party EGP
2 / 22
United Kingdom United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales EGP
2 / 87
Scottish National Party EFA
2 / 87
Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales EFA
2 / 87
 European Union
Total
48 / 626


  1. ^ From 20 April 2016 the MEP Davor Škrlec become independent
  2. ^ For 2019 it include Benoît Biteau, an independent politician
  3. ^ a b c Until 31 December 2011.
  4. ^ From 2004 to 2009 with EPP-ED and from 2014 with ECR
  5. ^ Realigned with the EPP since 2009

Group leadership

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Presidents

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The Greens/EFA group is usually co-chaired by 2 presidents, at least one of them must be a woman.

Co-chairperson Took office Left office Country
(Constituency) 		Party Co-chairperson Took office Left office Country
(Constituency) 		Party
Paul Lannoye 1999 2004  Belgium
(French)
Ecolo 		Heidi Hautala 1999 2004  Finland
Green League
Daniel Cohn-Bendit 2004 2014  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens 		Monica Frassoni 2004 2009  Italy
(North-West)
Federation of the Greens
Rebecca Harms 2009 2016  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Philippe Lamberts 2014 2024  Belgium
(French)
Ecolo
Ska Keller 2016 2022  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Terry Reintke 2022 present  Germany
Alliance 90/
The Greens
Bas Eickhout 2024 present  Netherlands
GroenLinks

Bureau

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2024–present

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Group bureau during the 10th European Parliament.[13]

Position Name National Party European Party
Co-President Bas Eickhout Netherlands GroenLinks EGP
Co-President Terry Reintke Germany The Greens EGP
Treasurer and
Vice-President 		Kira Marie Peter-Hansen Denmark Green Left EGP
Vice-President Alice Bah Kuhnke Sweden Green Party EGP
Vice-President Marie Toussaint France The Ecologists EGP
Vice-President Virginijus Sinkevičius Lithuania Union of Democrats EGP
Vice-President Ignazio Marino Italy Green Europe EGP
Vice-President Sergey Lagodinsky Germany The Greens EGP
President of
the EFA delegation 		Diana Riba Spain Republican Left of Catalonia EFA

European Parliament results

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Election year No. of
overall seats won 		+/–
1999
48 / 626
 Increase 48
2004
42 / 732
 Decrease 6
2009
55 / 736
 Increase 13
2014
50 / 751
 Decrease 5
2019 (pre-Brexit)
74 / 751
[19] 		Increase 24
2019 (post-Brexit)
69 / 705
 Decrease 5
2024
53 / 720
 Decrease 16

References

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  1. ^ "Who we are". Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  2. ^ "Qui sommes-nous ?" Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Greens-efa.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  3. ^ "The Greens – The Green Alternative". The Democratic Society. 3 February 2014. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
  4. ^ "Austrian government teeters as Greens seek options to oust PM Kurz". Reuters. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  5. ^ Tapio Raunio (2012). "Political Interests: The European Parliament's Party Groups". In John Peterson; Michael Shackleton (eds.). The Institutions of the European Union. Oxford University Press. p. 341. ISBN 978-0-19-957498-8.
  6. ^ Andreas Staab (2011). The European Union Explained, Second Edition: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact. Indiana University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-253-00164-1.
  7. ^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European Party System". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.
  8. ^ Gupta, Devashree (April 2008). "Nationalism across borders: transnational nationalist advocacy in the European Union". Comparative European Politics. 6 (1): 61–80. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110127. S2CID 144152782.
  9. ^ "VoteWatch Europe: European Parliament, Council of the EU" Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Votewatch.eu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  10. ^ @EuropeElects (9 June 2019). "EU28: Volt Europa membership vote on..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  11. ^ Petitjean, Euranet Plus News Agency | Sophie (12 June 2019). "Volt Europa : "We need European solutions to European problems"".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "GREENS/EFA Group elects Bas Eickhout and Terry Reintke as Co-Presidents". Greens/EFA Group. 19 June 2024.
  13. ^ a b "Greens/EFA Group elects bureau". Greens/EFA. 25 June 2024.
  14. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  15. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  16. ^ See the 2014 European Parliament election results.
  17. ^ a b "Indrek Tarand". European Parliament. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  18. ^ "List of elected MEPs". Greens-efa.eu. Archived 9 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "2019 Election Results" Archived 27 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Election-Results.eu. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
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