Wayne County, Indiana

For other uses, see Wayne County.

Wayne County
County
Wayne County Courthouse
Wayne County Courthouse
Map of Indiana highlighting Wayne County
Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
Map of the United States highlighting Indiana
Indiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°52′N 85°01′W / 39.86°N 85.01°W / 39.86; -85.01
Country United States
State Indiana
Founded1811
Named forAnthony Wayne
SeatRichmond
Largest cityRichmond
Area
 • Total404.34 sq mi (1,047.2 km2)
 • Land401.74 sq mi (1,040.5 km2)
 • Water2.60 sq mi (6.7 km2)  0.64%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2021)
66,456 Decrease
 • Density176/sq mi (68/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district6th
Websiteco.wayne.in.us
Indiana county number 89

Wayne County is a county located in east central Indiana, United States, on the border with Ohio. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 66,553.[1] The county seat is Richmond.[2] Wayne County comprises the Richmond, IN Micropolitan Statistical Area. Richmond hosts Earlham College, a small private liberal arts college.

History

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The first permanent European-American settlers in the area were Quakers from North Carolina. They settled about 1806 near the east fork of the Whitewater River, an area including what is today the city of Richmond. Jeptha Turner, the first white child in the county, was born here in 1806.[3]

Wayne County was formed in 1811 from portions of Clark and Dearborn counties. It was named for Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne, who was an officer during the Revolutionary War. Wayne is mainly remembered for his service in the 1790s in the Northwest Indian War, which included many actions in Indiana and Ohio. Randolph County was formed from the northern portion of Wayne County, effective August 1818.

The first county seat was Salisbury, Indiana, a town which no longer exists. It was later moved to Centerville, Indiana in 1818, where it remained until Richmond was designated as the seat in 1873.

During the antebellum years, Wayne County had a number of stations on the Underground Railroad, a network of blacks and whites who aided refugees from slavery to reach freedom. Levi Coffin and his wife Catharine aided more than 1,000 refugees at their home in Fountain City, now designated as a National Historic Landmark and State Historic Site significant to the Ohio River National

In the 1920s, Indiana had the strongest Ku Klux Klan organization in the country, led by Grand Dragons D. C. Stephenson and Walter F. Bossert. Its members controlled the state legislature and had an ally in Governor Ed Jackson.[4] At its height, national membership during the second Klan movement reached 1.5 million, with 300,000 in Indiana.[5] Records show that Wayne County was home to Whitewater Klan No. 60.[5] Robert Lyons, of Richmond, was national chief of staff for the Klan.[6] During this period, the Klan had the most members in cities rather than rural areas; it attracted members new to cities who were unsettled by waves of immigrants from Europe and migrants from other regions of the US.

Geography

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Richmond is the county seat.

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 404.34 square miles (1,047.2 km2), of which 401.74 square miles (1,040.5 km2) (or 99.36%) is land and 2.60 square miles (6.7 km2) (or 0.64%) is water.[7] Wayne County includes Indiana's highest natural elevation, Hoosier Hill, at 1,257 feet (383 m).

Adjacent counties

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Cities

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Towns

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Unincorporated towns

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Townships

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Transit

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Major highways

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Climate and weather

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Richmond, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[8]
Metric conversion
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In recent years, average temperatures in Richmond have ranged from a low of 15 °F (−9 °C) in January to a high of 85 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −29 °F (−34 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 100 °F (38 °C) was recorded in July 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.27 inches (58 mm) in February to 4.41 inches (112 mm) in May.[8]

Government

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See also: Government of Indiana

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[9][10]

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected at-large, county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[9][10]

Court: The county maintains a small claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level circuit court.[10]

County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county.[10]

Politics

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Wayne County is very Republican, even by the standards of traditionally Republican Indiana. It has not supported a Democrat for president since 1936. Since then, the Democrats have only come reasonably close to winning the county four times. Lyndon Johnson lost the county by only 87 votes in 1964, Bill Clinton held the GOP to pluralities during both of his bids, and Barack Obama came within three percent of carrying the county in 2008.

United States presidential election results for Wayne County, Indiana[11]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 17,567 63.47% 9,524 34.41% 588 2.12%
2016 16,028 62.66% 8,322 32.53% 1,229 4.80%
2012 14,321 56.21% 10,591 41.57% 565 2.22%
2008 14,558 50.83% 13,459 46.99% 624 2.18%
2004 16,586 59.97% 10,775 38.96% 296 1.07%
2000 14,273 56.75% 10,273 40.85% 605 2.41%
1996 12,188 47.24% 10,905 42.27% 2,708 10.50%
1992 12,221 44.69% 9,960 36.42% 5,165 18.89%
1988 16,388 61.37% 10,209 38.23% 105 0.39%
1984 18,955 64.80% 10,173 34.78% 123 0.42%
1980 16,981 60.53% 9,599 34.22% 1,472 5.25%
1976 16,697 57.20% 12,306 42.16% 188 0.64%
1972 21,610 73.60% 7,655 26.07% 96 0.33%
1968 17,335 53.66% 10,686 33.08% 4,287 13.27%
1964 15,342 49.93% 15,269 49.70% 113 0.37%
1960 19,764 60.66% 12,721 39.05% 95 0.29%
1956 20,157 61.76% 12,337 37.80% 144 0.44%
1952 20,068 62.36% 11,819 36.73% 293 0.91%
1948 15,445 57.81% 10,749 40.23% 522 1.95%
1944 15,295 54.51% 12,432 44.31% 332 1.18%
1940 15,058 51.27% 14,139 48.14% 173 0.59%
1936 12,126 45.98% 13,696 51.93% 551 2.09%
1932 12,683 47.85% 13,287 50.13% 536 2.02%
1928 15,936 67.52% 7,547 31.98% 118 0.50%
1924 11,487 59.75% 6,211 32.31% 1,527 7.94%
1920 12,631 59.52% 8,015 37.77% 575 2.71%
1916 6,112 51.84% 5,007 42.46% 672 5.70%
1912 1,851 16.11% 3,806 33.12% 5,834 50.77%
1908 6,731 57.34% 4,503 38.36% 504 4.29%
1904 7,390 66.32% 3,116 27.96% 637 5.72%
1900 6,736 61.04% 4,020 36.43% 279 2.53%
1896 6,841 61.67% 4,098 36.94% 154 1.39%
1892 5,714 57.27% 3,726 37.34% 538 5.39%
1888 6,138 60.91% 3,653 36.25% 286 2.84%

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
182012,119—
183018,57153.2%
184023,29025.4%
185025,3208.7%
186029,55816.7%
187034,04815.2%
188038,61313.4%
189037,628−2.6%
190038,9703.6%
191043,75712.3%
192048,13610.0%
193054,80913.9%
194059,2298.1%
195068,56615.8%
196074,0398.0%
197079,1096.8%
198076,058−3.9%
199071,951−5.4%
200071,097−1.2%
201068,917−3.1%
202066,553−3.4%
2023 (est.)66,127[12]−0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2021[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 68,917 people, 27,551 households, and 18,126 families residing in the county.[17] The population density was 171.5 inhabitants per square mile (66.2/km2). There were 31,242 housing units at an average density of 77.8 per square mile (30.0/km2).[7] The racial makeup of the county was 90.2% white, 5.0% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.1% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.6% of the population.[17] In terms of ancestry, 24.4% were German, 11.8% were Irish, 11.0% were English, and 10.9% were American.[18]

Of the 27,551 households, 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.2% were non-families, and 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.93. The median age was 40.2 years.[17]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $51,155. Males had a median income of $40,644 versus $30,194 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,789. About 12.6% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.[19]

Notable people

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School Corporations

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  • Richmond Community Schools, Richmond
  • Western Wayne Schools, Cambridge City
  • Northeastern Wayne Schools, Fountain City
  • Nettle Creek Schools, Hagerstown
  • Centerville-Abington Community Schools, Centerville

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Wayne County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ A Biographical History of Darke County, Ohio: Compendium of National Biography. Lewis Publishing Company. 1900. p. 301.
  4. ^ Indiana State Library, Ku Klux Klan Resources from the Indiana Division, "The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana". Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2010., URL accessed May 30, 2006
  5. ^ a b "Historical Sketch" in "Ku Klux Klan, Wayne County, Indiana Records, 1916–1933, Collection Guide" (PDF). Indiana Historical Society. February 2, 2004. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  6. ^ Klan issue in Democrat race for president. (May 14, 1924). Richmond Evening Item, p. 1.
  7. ^ a b "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Monthly Averages for Richmond, Indiana". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
  9. ^ a b Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  10. ^ a b c d Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 27, 2004. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
  11. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  12. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  13. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  14. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  15. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  16. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  17. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  18. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  19. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
  20. ^ "Kansas Governor Walter Roscoe Stubbs". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
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39°52′N 85°01′W / 39.86°N 85.01°W / 39.86; -85.01

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