Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes

The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes.[1][2][3] The first version was published in 2013 and resolved 66 orders.[2] The latest version (version 4) was published in 2017 and recognised 72 orders and 79 suborders.[3]

Phylogeny

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The following cladograms show the phylogeny of the Osteichthyes down to order level, with the number of families in parentheses.[3]

Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinista

Coelacanthiformes (1) — coelacanths

Dipnotetrapodomorpha
Dipnomorpha

Ceratodontiformes (3) — lungfishes

Tetrapodomorpha — tetrapods

(lobe‑finned fishes)
Actinopterygii
Cladistia

Polypteriformes (1) — bichirs

Chondrostei

Acipenseriformes (2) — paddlefishes and sturgeons

Neopterygii
Holostei

Amiiformes (1) — bowfins

Lepisosteiformes (1) — gars

Teleostei
Elopomorpha

Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons

Anguilliformes — eels

Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels

Albuliformes — bonefishes

Osteoglossocephalai
Osteoglossomorpha

Hiodontiformes (1) — mooneyes

Osteoglossiformes (5) — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas

Clupeocephala
Otomorpha

Clupeiformes (5) — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc)

Alepocephali

Alepocephaliformes (2) — slickheads, tubeshoulders

Ostariophysi

Gonorynchiformes (3) — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads

Otophysa

Cypriniformes (24) — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives

Characiformes (23) — characins (including tetras and piranhas)

Gymnotiformes (5) — Neotropical knifefishes

Siluriformes (41) — catfishes

(=Otophysi)
(=Otocephala)
Euteleosteomorpha

Lepidogalaxiiformes (1) — salamanderfishes

Protacanthopterygii

Argentiniformes (4) — marine smelts

Galaxiiformes (1) — galaxids

Esociformes (2) — pikes, mudminnows

Salmoniformes (1) — trout, salmon, and whitefish

Stomiati

Osmeriformes (4) — freshwater smelts

Stomiiformes (4) — dragonfishes

Neoteleostei

Ateleopodiformes (1) — jellynose fishes

Eurypterygii
Cyclosquamata

Aulopiformes (17) — lizardfishes

Ctenosquamata

Myctophiformes (2) — lanternfishes, blackchins

Acanthomorphata

spiny-rayed fishes (43 orders, see below)

(=Acanthomorpha)
(=Euteleostei)
(ray‑finned fishes)

The 43 orders of spiny-rayed fishes are related as follows:

Acanthomorphata

Lampriformes (6) — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes)

Paracanthopterygii

Percopsiformes (3) — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes

Zeiformes (6) — dories

Stylephoriformes (1) — tube-eyes or thread-tails

Gadiformes (12) — cods and hakes

Polymixiipterygii

Polymixiiformes (1) — beardfishes

Acanthopterygii

Trachichthyiformes (5) — roughies

Beryciformes (8) — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc

Holocentriformes (1) — squirrelfishes

Percomorphaceae
Ophidiaria

Ophidiiformes (1) — cusk-eels

Batrachoidaria

Batrachoidiformes (1) — toadfishes

Pelagiaria

Scombriformes (17) — mackerels

Syngnatharia

Syngnathiformes (10) — pipefishes and seahorses

Gobiaria

Kurtiformes (2) — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes

Gobiiformes (9) — gobies

Anabantaria

Synbranchiformes (4) — swamp eels

Anabantiformes (7) — labyrinth fishes

Carangaria

Carangiformes* (5) — jacks

Istiophoriformes (2) — barracudas, swordfishes and billfishes

Pleuronectiformes (14) — flatfishes

incertae sedis (Lactariidae, Menidae, Polynemidae)

Carangiformes 1 (Nematistiidae, Rachycentridae, Coryphaenidae, Echeneidae)

incertae sedis (Sphyraenidae)

Carangiformes 2 (Carangidae)

incertae sedis (Centropomidae)

Pleuronectiformes

(7 families incertae sedis)
Ovalentaria
Cichlomorphae

Cichliformes (2) — cichlids

Atherinomorphae

Beloniformes (5) — needlefishes

Cyprinodontiformes (10) — killifishes

Atheriniformes (10) — silversides

Mugilomorphae

Mugiliformes (1) — mullets

Blenniimorphae

Gobiesociformes (1) — clingfishes

Blenniiformes (6) — blennies

(9 families incertae sedis)
Eupercaria

Gerreiformes (1) —

Uranoscopiformes (4) —

Labriformes (1) — wrasses and relatives

Ephippiformes (2) —

Chaetodontiformes (2) — butterflyfishes and ponyfishes

Acanthuriformes (3) — surgeonfishes and relatives

Lutjaniformes (2) — snappers and grunts

Lobotiformes (3) —

Spariformes (3) — breams and porgies

Priacanthiformes (2) — bigeyes and bandfishes

Caproiformes (1) — boarfishes

Lophiiformes (18) — anglerfishes

Tetraodontiformes (10) — plectognaths

Pempheriformes (17) —

Centrarchiformes (19) —

Perciformes (61) — perches, mail-cheeked fishes (includes former Scorpaeniformes, Cottiformes, and Trachiniformes)

(14 families incertae sedis)
(=Percomorpha)
(spiny‑rayed fishes)

References

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  1. ^ "Phylogeny of all Fishes". Deepfin. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b Betancur-R., Ricardo; Broughton, Richard E.; Wiley, Edward O.; Carpenter, Kent; López, J. Andrés; Li, Chenhong; Holcroft, Nancy I.; Arcila, Dahiana; Sanciangco, Millicent; Cureton II, James C; Zhang, Feifei; Buser, Thaddaeus; Campbell, Matthew A.; Ballesteros, Jesus A; Roa-Varon, Adela; Willis, Stuart; Borden, W. Calvin; Rowley, Thaine; Reneau, Paulette C.; Hough, Daniel J.; Lu, Guoqing; Grande, Terry; Arratia, Gloria; Ortí, Guillermo (2013). "The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes". PLOS Currents. 5. doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288. ISSN 2157-3999. PMC 3644299. PMID 23653398.
  3. ^ a b c Betancur-R, Ricardo; Wiley, Edward O.; Arratia, Gloria; Acero, Arturo; Bailly, Nicolas; Miya, Masaki; Lecointre, Guillaume; Ortí, Guillermo (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
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