\documentclass{article}   \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{scalefnt}   \begin{document} \pagestyle{empty}  \def\lineticktop#1#2{   \draw[-] ({#1},3.075) node [anchor=south] {#2} -- (#1,2.925) ; }  \def\linetickbot#1#2{   \draw[-] ({#1},-0.075) node [anchor=north] {#2} -- (#1,0.075) ; }  \def\microscope#1{   \draw [thick,-         ] (#1 -0.25,2.15) -- (#1+0,3) -- (#1 +0.25,2.15) ;   \draw [thick,fill=white] (#1 +0.00,1.50) circle (1) ;     \fill [white           ] (#1 -0.25,2.15) -- (#1+0,3) -- (#1 +0.25,2.15) ;   \draw [thick,blue,->   ](#1-0.95,1.5) -- (#1+0.95,1.5) ; }  \def\microtick#1#2#3#4#5#6{   \draw [-,#5] (#1+0.375*#2,1.5+#3) node [anchor=#6,font=\small] {#4} -- (#1+0.375*#2,1.5-#3) ;   \draw [red,thin] (#1+0.375*#2,1.3) to [out=-90,in=90] (#1+0.00,0.6); }  \begin {tikzpicture} [scale=2]   \draw[blue,thick,->]      (-1.1,3) -- (4.1,3) coordinate (x axis);      \microscope    {1.41}   \microtick     {1.41}{-0.2}{0.1}{$r$}{}{south}   \microtick     {1.41}{ 0.7}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\epsilon$}{blue}{south}   \microtick     {1.41}{ 2.1}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\gamma$}  {blue}{south}   \microtick     {1.41}{-1.7}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\eta$}    {blue}{south}   \draw[red,->] (1.41,0.6) -- (1.41,0.325) node [anchor=west] {$\scriptstyle \operatorname{st}$} -- (1.41,0.15) ;    \lineticktop{-1}{$-1$}   \linetickbot{-1}{$-1$}   \lineticktop{ 0}{$ 0$}   \linetickbot{ 0}{$ 0$}   \lineticktop{+1}{$ 1$}   \linetickbot{+1}{$ 1$}   \lineticktop{+2}{$ 2$}   \linetickbot{+2}{$ 2$}   \lineticktop{+3}{$ 3$}   \linetickbot{+3}{$ 3$}   \lineticktop{+4}{$ 4$}   \linetickbot{+4}{$ 4$}    \lineticktop{+1.41}{}   \linetickbot{+1.41}{$ r$}    \draw[->]      (-1.1,0) -- (4.1,0) coordinate (x axis); \end {tikzpicture}  \end{document}