\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{scalefnt} \begin{document} \pagestyle{empty} \def\lineticktop#1#2{ \draw[-] ({#1},3.075) node [anchor=south] {#2} -- (#1,2.925) ; } \def\linetickbot#1#2{ \draw[-] ({#1},-0.075) node [anchor=north] {#2} -- (#1,0.075) ; } \def\microscope#1{ \draw [thick,- ] (#1 -0.25,2.15) -- (#1+0,3) -- (#1 +0.25,2.15) ; \draw [thick,fill=white] (#1 +0.00,1.50) circle (1) ; \fill [white ] (#1 -0.25,2.15) -- (#1+0,3) -- (#1 +0.25,2.15) ; \draw [thick,blue,-> ](#1-0.95,1.5) -- (#1+0.95,1.5) ; } \def\microtick#1#2#3#4#5#6{ \draw [-,#5] (#1+0.375*#2,1.5+#3) node [anchor=#6,font=\small] {#4} -- (#1+0.375*#2,1.5-#3) ; \draw [red,thin] (#1+0.375*#2,1.3) to [out=-90,in=90] (#1+0.00,0.6); } \begin {tikzpicture} [scale=2] \draw[blue,thick,->] (-1.1,3) -- (4.1,3) coordinate (x axis); \microscope {1.41} \microtick {1.41}{-0.2}{0.1}{$r$}{}{south} \microtick {1.41}{ 0.7}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\epsilon$}{blue}{south} \microtick {1.41}{ 2.1}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\gamma$} {blue}{south} \microtick {1.41}{-1.7}{0.05}{\tiny $r+\eta$} {blue}{south} \draw[red,->] (1.41,0.6) -- (1.41,0.325) node [anchor=west] {$\scriptstyle \operatorname{st}$} -- (1.41,0.15) ; \lineticktop{-1}{$-1$} \linetickbot{-1}{$-1$} \lineticktop{ 0}{$ 0$} \linetickbot{ 0}{$ 0$} \lineticktop{+1}{$ 1$} \linetickbot{+1}{$ 1$} \lineticktop{+2}{$ 2$} \linetickbot{+2}{$ 2$} \lineticktop{+3}{$ 3$} \linetickbot{+3}{$ 3$} \lineticktop{+4}{$ 4$} \linetickbot{+4}{$ 4$} \lineticktop{+1.41}{} \linetickbot{+1.41}{$ r$} \draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (4.1,0) coordinate (x axis); \end {tikzpicture} \end{document}