List of governors of Arkansas - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Governor of Arkansas
Seal of Arkansas
Incumbent
Sarah Huckabee Sanders
since January 10, 2023
StyleThe Honorable
ResidenceArkansas Governor's Mansion
Term lengthFour years, renewable once
Inaugural holderJames Sevier Conway
Formation1836; Constitution of Arkansas
SuccessionEvery four years, unless re-elected.
Salary$86,890 (2013)[1]

The Governor of Arkansas is the head of the executive branch of Arkansas's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

List of governors

[change | change source]
Governors of the Territory of Arkansas
No. Governor Term in office Appointed by Notes
1 James Miller March 3, 1819
–
December 27, 1824 		James Monroe [a][b]
2 George Izard March 4, 1825
–
November 22, 1828 		[c][d]
John Quincy Adams
3 John Pope March 9, 1829[6]
–
March 9, 1835 		Andrew Jackson [e][f]
4 William S. Fulton March 9, 1835
–
September 13, 1836[g] 		[h]

Governors of the State of Arkansas

[change | change source]
Governors of the State of Arkansas[i]
No.[j] Governor Term in office[k] Party Election Lt. Governor[l][m]
1   James Sevier Conway September 13, 1836[g]
–
November 4, 1840
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1836 Office did not exist
2 Archibald Yell November 4, 1840
–
April 29, 1844
(resigned)[n] 		Democratic 1840
— Samuel Adams April 29, 1844
–
November 9, 1844[o]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor
3 Thomas Stevenson Drew November 5, 1844[o]
–
January 10, 1849
(resigned)[p] 		Democratic 1844
1848
— Richard C. Byrd January 10, 1849
–
April 19, 1849
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor
4 John Selden Roane April 19, 1849
–
November 15, 1852
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1849
(special)[q]
5 Elias Nelson Conway November 15, 1852
–
November 15, 1860[r]
(term limited) 		Democratic 1852
1856
6 Henry Massey Rector November 16, 1860[r]
–
November 4, 1862
(resigned)[s] 		Democratic 1860[t]
— Thomas Fletcher November 4, 1862
–
November 15, 1862
(successor took office)[u] 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor
7 Harris Flanagin November 15, 1862
–
May 26, 1865[v]
(government-in-exile
disbanded)[w] 		Democratic 1862[x]
8 Isaac Murphy April 18, 1864
–
July 2, 1868
(not candidate for election) 		Unionist 1864[w]   Calvin C. Bliss[28]
9 Powell Clayton July 2, 1868
–
March 17, 1871
(resigned)[y] 		Republican 1868   James M. Johnson[30]
(resigned March 14, 1871)[y]
Vacant
— Ozra Amander Hadley[z] March 17, 1871
–
January 6, 1873
(not candidate for election) 		Republican President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[y]
10 Elisha Baxter January 6, 1873
–
November 12, 1874
(not candidate for election) 		Republican 1872[aa][ab] Volney V. Smith[32]
11 Augustus Hill Garland November 12, 1874
–
January 11, 1877
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1874 Office did not exist
12 William Read Miller January 11, 1877
–
January 13, 1881
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1876
1878
13 Thomas James Churchill January 13, 1881
–
January 13, 1883
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1880
14 James Henderson Berry January 13, 1883
–
January 15, 1885[ac]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1882
15 Simon Pollard Hughes Jr. January 15, 1885[ac]
–
January 17, 1889[36]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1884
1886
16 James Philip Eagle January 17, 1889[36]
–
January 14, 1893[37]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1888
1890
17 William Meade Fishback January 14, 1893[37]
–
January 18, 1895[38]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1892
18 James Paul Clarke January 18, 1895[38]
–
January 18, 1897
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1894
19 Daniel Webster Jones January 18, 1897
–
January 18, 1901[39]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1896
1898
20 Jeff Davis January 18, 1901[39]
–
January 18, 1907
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1900
1902
1904
21 John Sebastian Little January 18, 1907
–
February 11, 1907[ad]
(resigned)[ae] 		Democratic 1906
— John Isaac Moore February 11, 1907[ad]
–
May 14, 1907
(legislature adjourned) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[af]
— Xenophon Overton Pindall May 14, 1907
–
January 11, 1909
(senate term expired) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[af]
— Jesse M. Martin January 11, 1909
–
January 14, 1909
(successor took office) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[af]
22 George Washington Donaghey January 14, 1909
–
January 16, 1913
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1908
1910
23 Joseph Taylor Robinson January 16, 1913
–
March 8, 1913[45]
(resigned)[ag] 		Democratic 1912
— William Kavanaugh Oldham March 8, 1913[45]
–
March 13, 1913
(new president of
the senate elected) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[ah]
— Junius Marion Futrell March 13, 1913
–
August 6, 1913[ai]
(successor took office) 		Democratic President of
the Senate
acting as
Governor[ah]
24 George Washington Hays August 6, 1913[ai]
–
January 10, 1917[aj]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1913
(special)[ah]
1914
25 Charles Hillman Brough January 10, 1917[aj]
–
January 11, 1921[ak]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1916
1918
26 Thomas Chipman McRae January 11, 1921[ak]
–
January 13, 1925[54]
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1920
1922
27 Tom Terral January 13, 1925[54]
–
January 11, 1927
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1924
28 John Ellis Martineau January 11, 1927
–
March 14, 1928[al]
(resigned)[am] 		Democratic 1926 Harvey Parnell
29 Harvey Parnell March 14, 1928[al]
–
January 10, 1933
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Vacant
1928 Lee Cazort
1930 Lawrence Elery Wilson
30 Junius Marion Futrell January 10, 1933
–
January 12, 1937
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1932 Lee Cazort
1934
31 Carl Edward Bailey January 12, 1937
–
January 14, 1941
(lost election) 		Democratic 1936 Robert L. Bailey
1938
32 Homer Martin Adkins January 14, 1941
–
January 9, 1945
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1940
1942 James L. Shaver
33 Benjamin Travis Laney January 9, 1945
–
January 11, 1949
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1944
1946 Nathan Green Gordon
34 Sid McMath January 11, 1949
–
January 13, 1953
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1948
1950
35 Francis Cherry January 13, 1953
–
January 11, 1955
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1952
36 Orval Faubus January 11, 1955
–
January 10, 1967
(not candidate for election) 		Democratic 1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
37 Winthrop Rockefeller January 10, 1967
–
January 12, 1971
(lost election) 		Republican 1966 Maurice Britt
1968
38 Dale Bumpers January 12, 1971
–
January 3, 1975[58]
(resigned)[an] 		Democratic 1970 Bob C. Riley
1972
— Bob C. Riley January 3, 1975[58]
–
January 14, 1975
(successor took office) 		Democratic Lieutenant
Governor
acting as
Governor[ao] 		Acting as Governor
39 David Pryor January 14, 1975
–
January 3, 1979
(resigned)[ap] 		Democratic 1974 Joe Purcell
1976
— Joe Purcell January 3, 1979
–
January 9, 1979
(successor took office) 		Democratic Lieutenant
Governor
acting as
Governor[ao] 		Acting as Governor
40 Bill Clinton January 9, 1979
–
January 19, 1981
(lost election) 		Democratic 1978 Joe Purcell
41 Frank D. White January 19, 1981
–
January 11, 1983
(lost election) 		Republican 1980 Winston Bryant[aq]
42 Bill Clinton January 11, 1983
–
December 12, 1992
(resigned)[ar] 		Democratic 1982
1984
1986[as]
1990 Jim Guy Tucker
43 Jim Guy Tucker December 12, 1992
–
July 15, 1996
(resigned)[at] 		Democratic Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Vacant
Mike Huckabee[au]
(elected November 20, 1993)[60]
1994
44 Mike Huckabee July 15, 1996
–
January 9, 2007
(term limited) 		Republican Succeeded from
Lieutenant
Governor 		Vacant
Winthrop Paul Rockefeller
(elected November 19, 1996)[61]
(died July 16, 2006)
1998
2002
Vacant
45 Mike Beebe January 9, 2007
–
January 13, 2015
(term limited) 		Democratic 2006 Bill Halter
2010 Mark Darr[au]
(resigned February 1, 2014)
Vacant
46 Asa Hutchinson January 13, 2015
–
January 10, 2023 		Republican 2014 Tim Griffin
2018
47 Sarah Huckabee Sanders January 10, 2023
–
Present 		Republican 2022 Leslie Rutledge

Living former U.S. governors of Arkansas

[change | change source]

As of April 2024, there were five former U.S. governors of Arkansas who are still living.

Governor Gubernatorial term Date of birth (and age)
Bill Clinton 1979–1981
1983–1992 		(1946-08-19) August 19, 1946 (age 78)
Jim Guy Tucker 1992–1996 (1943-06-12) June 12, 1943 (age 81)
Mike Huckabee 1996–2007 (1955-08-24) August 24, 1955 (age 69)
Mike Beebe 2007–2015 (1946-12-28) December 28, 1946 (age 77)
Asa Hutchinson 2015–2023 (1950-12-03) December 3, 1950 (age 73)

Notes

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ James Miller was appointed territorial governor on March 3, 1819, the same date the bill organizing Arkansaw Territory was signed. However, to avoid the hot southern summer, he delayed his departure from New Hampshire until September, and took a non-direct route, finally arriving in the territory on December 26, 1819.[2] Robert Crittenden, secretary of the territory, served as acting governor while Miller was delayed.[3]
  2. ↑ Resigned citing poor health. At the time of his resignation, he had been absent from the territory for 18 months.[4]
  3. ↑ George Izard did not arrive in Arkansas Territory until May 31, 1825; Robert Crittenden, Secretary of the territory, acted as governor in his stead, though Crittenden himself was out of state when Izard arrived.[5]
  4. ↑ Died in office.
  5. ↑ The office was vacant from November 22, 1828, until March 9, 1829. By the time notice of George Izard's death reached Washington, D.C., Andrew Jackson had been elected president, and the United States Senate refused to approve John Quincy Adams's choice for governor, preferring to wait until Jackson took office.[4]
  6. ↑ Pope arrived in the territory in May 1829.[7]
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Arkansas became a state on June 15, but Conway was not sworn in until September 13. Sourcing indicates that Fulton served until Conway's inauguration.[8]
  8. ↑ William S. Fulton served as governor until statehood, when he was elected to the United States Senate.[9]
  9. ↑ Data is sourced from the National Governors Association, unless supplemental references are required.
  10. ↑ According to the numbering generally used, acting governors are not numbered.[10]
  11. ↑ Most dates come from the Encyclopedia of Arkansas list of governors;[11] when differing, either the date was different in the actual articles on the governors and that agreed with other sources, or specific sourcing is supplied to explain the discrepancy.
  12. ↑ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1864 and abolished in 1874. It was recreated in 1914, and was not filled until 1927. The amendment to the constitution creating the office was narrowly voted in by the electorate in 1914. The Speaker of the House declared that the measure had lost, because even though it had received the majority of the votes cast for that particular ballot measure, winning 45,567 to 45,206, it had not received the majority of votes cast across the whole election, determined by looking at the question on the ballot with the highest total number of votes for or against. On that ballot, this figure was 135,517 votes, so it was ruled that at least 67,758 votes in favor would have been required for the measure to pass, essentially counting blank votes as votes against. In 1925, it was discovered that a 1910 law amended this requirement such that only a majority of the votes on the specific question was required. Therefore, the 1914 initiative was declared to be valid.[12]
  13. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  14. ↑ Yell resigned to run for the United States House of Representatives, winning the election.[13]
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 The National Governors Association says Drew succeeded Adams on November 5,[14] but the Encyclopedia of Arkansas[15] and contemporary news coverage[16] say November 9.
  16. ↑ Drew resigned due to the low salary he received as governor.[14]
  17. ↑ Roane was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term vacated by Thomas Stevenson Drew's resignation.[17]
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 The National Governors Association says Rector succeeded Conway on November 15,[18] but the Encyclopedia of Arkansas[19] and contemporary news reports[20] say November 16.
  19. ↑ Rector resigned two weeks before the end of his term. Most sources state it was due to badly losing his bid for re-election[21][22] but at least one source states it was due to unhappiness that the new constitution would shorten his term.[23]
  20. ↑ This term was shortened to two years due to the 1861 constitution moving the election schedule.[24]
  21. ↑ Governor-elect Flanagin was not sworn in until November 15;[25] in the interim, Fletcher acted as governor.[23] Fletcher is omitted from most lists of Arkansas governors.
  22. ↑ Some sources state Flanagin left office on April 18, 1864, but that was when Isaac Murphy was sworn in as provisional governor; Flanagin remained governor of the Confederate government-in-exile until May 26, 1865.[11]
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Flanagin fled Little Rock as it fell to Union forces on September 10, 1863, leading a largely inept government in exile in Washington, Arkansas until 1865. Murphy was elected provisional governor by a loyalist government set up after Union control of the state was established, taking office on April 18, 1864, causing a slight overlap in terms, though due to the collapse of the Confederate effort in Arkansas, Flanagin had no authority over the state.[26]
  24. ↑ The 1864 constitution was enacted during this term; however, it was drafted by the Union occupation, and had no effect on Flanagin's government. While term lengths remained at four years, a new election schedule was created, calling for elections in 1864.[27]
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Clayton resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. He had delayed his resignation to prevent Lieutenant Governor Johnson from succeeding him; party machinations led Johnson's resignation and acceptance of the office of secretary of state, so that Hadley, as president pro tempore of the senate, could act as governor for the remainder of the term.[29]
  26. ↑ Ozra Amander Hadley's first name is sometimes spelled "Ozro" in sources; it is unknown which is correct.[29]
  27. ↑ First term under the 1871 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.
  28. ↑ Baxter was removed from office for a short time due to the Brooks–Baxter War.[31]
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Sources disagree on when Hughes succeeded Berry, with the National Governors Association saying January 17,[33] contemporary sourcing saying January 15,[34] and the Encyclopedia of Arkansas using both dates.[11][35] This list uses the contemporary source as the least likely to be mistaken.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Sources disagree on when Little resigned. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas says February 7, but the National Governors Association and a book by University of Arkansas Press[40] say February 11. Due to wider use, February 11 is the date used here.
  31. ↑ Little resigned after suffering a nervous breakdown soon after taking office.[41]
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 As president of the senate, Moore acted as governor until the legislature adjourned,[42] at which time a new president pro tempore of the senate was chosen, Pindall, who acted as governor until his senate term expired.[43] For the remaining three days of the gubernatorial term, Martin, the new president pro tempore of the senate, acted as governor.[44]
  33. ↑ Robinson resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Oldham acted as governor for six days before a new president of the senate was elected.[46] The new president, Futrell, acted as governor[47] until Hays was elected in a special election to fill the remainder of the term.[48] Conflict over whether or not Futrell could succeed Oldham as acting governor led to the Arkansas Supreme Court ruling that he could.[49]
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Some sources state Hays succeeded Futrell on July 23, but that was when the special election that chose Hays occurred; he was sworn in on August 6.[50][51]
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Sources disagree on whether Brough succeeded Hays on January 10 or January 11; a contemporary source states January 10,[52] so this list uses that date.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Sources disagree on whether McRae succeeded Brough on January 11 or January 12; a slim majority of sources say January 12.[53]
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Most sources say Parnell resigned on March 2, though a few say March 4; however, it appears this was the day he was nominated for the judgeship, as contemporary news sources indicate he did not resign until March 14.[56][57]
  39. ↑ Martineau resigned to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas[55]
  40. ↑ Bumpers resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Riley and Purcell are generally considered to have only acted as governor, remaining lieutenant governor, rather than fully succeeding to the office and leaving the old office behind; it's probable this is because an elected successor was taking office within a few days.
  42. ↑ Pryor resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate.
  43. ↑ Represented the Democratic Party.
  44. ↑ Clinton resigned in preparations to become President of the United States on January 20, 1993.
  45. ↑ First term under a 1984 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.
  46. ↑ Tucker resigned after being convicted of mail fraud in the Whitewater scandal;[59]
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Represented the Republican Party.

References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ↑ "James Miller (1776–1851)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  3. ↑ "Robert Crittenden (1797–1834)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Arkansas History Timeline (1819–1861)". Historic Arkansas Museum. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  5. ↑ "George Izard (1776–1828)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  6. ↑ Bruce, Henry Addington (1909). The Romance of American Expansion. Moffat, Yard & Company. p. 86.
  7. ↑ Williams, Nancy A.; Jeannie M. Whayne (2000). Arkansas Biography: A Collection of Notable Lives. University of Arkansas Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-55728-587-4.
  8. ↑ Hempstead, Fay (1911). Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, Volume 1. Lewis publiching Company. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Fulton, William Savin". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
  10. ↑ "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Office of the Governor". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  12. ↑ "About The Office – Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas". Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Archibald Yell". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Thomas Stevenson Drew". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 8, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  15. ↑ "Thomas Stevenson Drew". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  16. ↑ "The Inaugural of the Governor". Weekly Arkansas Gazette. November 13, 1844. Retrieved December 12, 2018. Thomas S. Drew, our Governor elect, was installed into office, on last Saturday..."; "Saturday, Nov. 9: This day being set part for the inauguration of the Governor, nothing was done.
  17. ↑ "John Selden Roane". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  18. ↑ "Elias Nelson Conway". National Governors Association. Retrieved December 12, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  19. ↑ "Henry Massie Recor (1816-1899)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  20. ↑ "No title". The Arkansian. November 24, 1860. Retrieved December 12, 2018. Judge Henry M. Rector, Governor elect was inaugurated on Thursday the 15th inst., ...
  21. ↑ "Henry Massie Rector". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  22. ↑ Yearns, Wilfred Buck (2010-05-01). The Confederate Governors. University of Georgia Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-8203-3557-5. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Hempstead, Fay (1911). Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, Volume 1. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 250. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  24. ↑ 1861 Const. art. IV, § 8
  25. ↑ "Harris Flanagin". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Harris Flanagin (1817–1874)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
  27. ↑ 1864 Const. art. IV, § 8
  28. ↑ Herndon p. 287
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Ozro Amander Hadley (1826–1915)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  30. ↑ Herndon p. 293
  31. ↑ "Elisha Baxter". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  32. ↑ Herndon p. 306
  33. ↑ "James Henderson Berry". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  34. ↑ Arkansas. Auditor of State (1886). Arkansas Biennial Report of the Auditor of State. Office of Auditor of State, Arkansas. p. 39. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Simon Pollard Hughes". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Simon Pollard Hughes (1830-1906)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 "No title". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. January 15, 1893. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "No title". Daily Arkansas Gazette. Little Rock, Kentucky. January 19, 1895. Retrieved December 13, 2018. Hon. James P. Clarke, who subscribed to the oath of office as Governor of Arkansas on Friday morning...
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Jeff Davis Inaugurated". Springfield News-Leader. Springfield, Missouri. January 19, 1901. Retrieved December 13, 2018. Jan. 18—Governor Jefferson Davis was inaugurated today...
  40. ↑ Governors of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Press. 1981. ISBN 978-1-61075-171-1. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  41. ↑ "John Sebastian Little". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  42. ↑ "John Isaac Moore". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  43. ↑ "Xenophon Overton Pindall". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  44. ↑ "John Sebastian Little (1851–1916)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Gov. Robinson's Busy Day". Baltimore Sun. Baltimore. March 10, 1913. Retrieved December 13, 2018. March 8: Gov. Joe T. Robinson today ... signed his own commission as United States Senator and completed the day's activity by sending his resignation as Governor...
  46. ↑ "William Kavanaugh Oldham". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  47. ↑ "Junius Marion Futrell". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  48. ↑ "George Washington Hays". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  49. ↑ Futrell v. Oldham (Arkansas Supreme Court 1913). Text
  50. ↑ Colby, Frank Moore; Churchill, Allen Leon (1914). Colby, Frank Moore (ed.). New International Yearbook: A Compendium of the World's Progress. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 63. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  51. ↑ Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Somerset Publishers, Inc. 1998. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-403-09850-7. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  52. ↑ Library of Congress. Exchange and Gift Division (1917). Monthly Checklist of State Publications. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 61. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  53. ↑ Capace, Nancy (1998-01-01). Encyclopedia of Arkansas. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-403-09850-7. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Capace, Nancy (1998-01-01). Encyclopedia of Arkansas. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-403-09850-7. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  55. ↑ "John Ellis Martineau". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 27, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  56. ↑ "unknown". Weekly Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. March 17, 1928. Retrieved December 13, 2018. Memphis, Tenn., March 15: ... Attending the conference were: Judge Martineau, who until yesterday was governor of Arkansas... {{cite news}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  57. ↑ "Arkansas Chief Resigns". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. March 15, 1928. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Bob Cowley Riley". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  59. ↑ R.H., Melton; Michael Haddigan (May 29, 1996). "Three Guilty in Arkansas Fraud Trial". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  60. ↑ "GOP wins one in Arkansas – Republican Party; Mike Huckabee | Campaigns & Elections | Find Articles at BNET.com". FindArticles. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
  61. ↑ "Rockefeller sworn in as lieutenant governor". Blytheville Courier. Blytheville, Arkansas. November 19, 1996. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
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