亚洲LGBT权益 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
亚洲的LGBT權益 | |
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同性性行為 | 57個國家/地區中38個合法 |
性別認同和表達 | 57個國家/地區中21個合法 |
同性伴侶關係 | 57個國家/地區中1個合法 |
限制法規 | 57個國家/地區中1個禁止 |
收養 | 57個國家/地區中2個合法 |
兵役議題 | 57個國家/地區中11個合法 |
反歧視保障 | 57個國家/地區中9個合法 |
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LGBT公民權利 | ||||||
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概况 亞洲 · 非洲 · 歐洲 · 美洲 · 大洋洲 · 歐盟 · 中東自由意志主義 · 共產主義 | ||||||
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亞洲LGBT權益是指亚洲的女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者与跨性别者(LGBT)的權利描述,由于国家和地区数量过多,较难和其他大洲进行比较。亚洲西部至东部,对性少數者的态度在地理上拥有一种从保守到开放的连续性,西亚地区最为保守,东亚地区較为开放。
地域差異
[编辑]与非洲相較,亞洲的年輕世代或是城市居民對於LGBT的權益看法普遍較為友善;就整體上而言,東亞、南亞和東南亞的性少數者拥有比西亚和中亚的性少數者更多的权益。
另外與歷史上歐洲迫害LGBT的記錄相比較,亞洲除了西亞外這方面的記錄並不多,中國和日本早期甚至還有所謂的男風文化,朝鮮半島和越南也是少數至今從未立法將LGBT列為非法的國家及地区之二,亞洲的東亞、南亞和東南亞是直到伊斯蘭與歐洲殖民者的文化或軍事入侵,才開始陸續出現歧視LGBT的現象。
法律制度
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg/220px-Asia_homosexuality_laws.svg.png)
同性伴侣合法
(藍色條紋:給予不具約束力的證明書)
目前同性性行为在至少19个亚洲国家是非法的,主要集中在穆斯林國家。東亞是亞洲目前唯一境內所有國家和地區同性性行均为合法的區域,除了朝鮮以外均拥有公开活动的维权组织,而朝鮮由于历史文化社会原因,對性少數者的限制是东亚最多,没有任何有记录的维权组织發揮社會影響力。
至少有9个亚洲国家或地区允许同性恋者服兵役。其中 中華民國 (台灣)、以色列、賽普勒斯、尼泊爾和泰國为性少數者军人提供更广泛的权益,包括同性伴侣的认可等,其他國家和地區几乎没有对性少數者服役的权益保障,也没有对在工作和教育上对性少數者的岐視,以及允許跨性别者身分性別合法轉換的相关立法。
在阿富汗、文莱、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯和也门的伊斯兰政权统治下,同性恋行为会被处以死刑。[1][2]对于鸡奸行为各国法律有不同的惩罚:有的规定死刑;而有的处罚相对温和如有期徒刑。在一些穆斯林占多数但相对世俗的国家,如印度尼西亚[3]、约旦、土耳其、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯和塔吉克则不依上述手法處理。
有部分亞洲國家開始考慮相應的立法或是用公投的方式來保障LGBT族群的權益,包括賽普勒斯、以色列、泰國、越南、尼泊爾、柬埔寨、日本、韓國、印度以及中華人民共和國。
2017年5月24日,中華民國司法院大法官宣告《民法》未保障同性婚姻的平等自由已違反憲法,須在兩年完成保障同性婚姻的相關法律,至2019年5月17日中華民國通過《司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法》後,經時任總統蔡英文公布於2019年5月24日生效,讓中華民國成為亞洲第一個同性婚姻合法的国家,也終結了亞洲沒有同婚合法国家的記錄。
2023年6月27日,尼泊尔最高法院命令政府承認同性婚姻,並自同年11月29日起施行宣布同性婚姻合法化,为亚洲第二个同性婚姻合法化的主权国家,但目前尼泊尔的相關立法還在進行中。
2024年3月27日, 泰國下議院通過同性婚姻合法化法案,泰國參議院在同年6月18日的會議上正式通過,並在泰王御准後120日內成為法律。为亚洲第三个同性婚姻合法化的主权国家。同時也是首個同性婚姻合法化的東南亞国家。
亞洲各國家或地區
東亞
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性收養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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- ^ 《高等学校学生学籍学历电子注册办法》规定:“学历注册并提供网上查询后,学校不得变更证书内容及注册信息,不再受理学生信息变更事宜。注册信息确有错误的,须经省级教育行政部门审核确认后方可修改。”而性别变更不算注册信息的“错误”。
東南亞
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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中亞
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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北亚
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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西亞
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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![]() | ![]() 根据迪拜酋长国法律违法(刑罰:最高十四年徒刑)根据阿布扎比酋长国法律违法(刑罰:最高十年徒刑)[4] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() 穿著有關具有異性標準表達和認同的服飾不合法 |
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南亞
[编辑]國家 / 地區 | 同性性行為 | 同性伴侶關係 | 同性婚姻 | 同性領養 | 在軍隊公開出櫃? | 反歧視法 (性傾向) | 性別認同 / 表達相關法律 |
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![]() | ![]() + 联合国宣言[4] | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
相關條目
[编辑]参考资料
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Based on testimonies collected, it appears that certain detention facilities practice secret executions of their detainees. There are detention centers called ‘kukeumso’ managed by the Ministry of State Security where most of the detainees are transferred to political prison camps or secretly executed, and it is very rare for them to be transferred to kyohwaso [prison camp]. A defector who directly heard it from the head of the kukeumso testified that in 2014, a male detainee was secretly executed for homosexuality, and in 2013, a female detainee was secretly executed for prostitution.
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huffpo
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Kazakhstan Says No to Gays in Military. Eurasianet. 2013-06-13 [2012-07-01].
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Consensual same-sex sexual activity is illegal under Section 377 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, but the law was not enforced.
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外部链接
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