口服补液 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

口服补液
口服补液
	一瓶无色、透明的口服补液溶液
別稱	口服脫水補充液、口服補液治療、口服補液療法、口服补液盐、口服补液溶液、口服糖盐水
用途	腹泻和其他原因导致的脱水

口服补液是一种补液手段，目的是预防患者脱水，尤其是腹瀉引起的脱水。 ^[1]患者在口服補液時會喝下含有适量的糖和盐（特别是钠、钾）的水。 ^[1]^[2]醫生也可以通過鼻胃管將液體輸入至患者體內，此時的補液方式也視為口服补液。 ^[1]据估计，口服补液可将腹泻的死亡风险降低93%。 ^[3]

口服补液的副作用可能有呕吐、高鈉血症、高鉀血症。^[1]如果出现呕吐，患者要暂停口服補液10分钟，然后再開始口服補液。^[1]目前世卫组织推荐配方是水、葡萄糖、氯化钠、氯化钾、柠檬酸钠的溶液。其中葡萄糖可以用蔗糖代替，柠檬酸钠可以用碳酸氢钠代替。氯化钾和柠檬酸钠分别有助于预防低钾血症和酸中毒，這些都是腹泻的常见副作用。 ^[4]^[2]^[5]

口服补液始於20世纪40年代。 ^[6]口服补液已被列入世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单。 ^[7]

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization (WHO). 2009: 349–351. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Islam, M R. Citrate can effectively replace bicarbonate in oral rehydration salts for cholera and infantile diarrhoea. Bull World Health Organ. 1986, 64 (1): 145–150. PMC 2490925 . PMID 3015443.
^ Munos, MK; Walker, CL; Black, RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality.. International Journal of Epidemiology. April 2010, 39 (Suppl 1): i75–87. PMC 2845864 . PMID 20348131. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq025.
^ Binder, HJ; Brown, I; Ramakrishna, BS; Young, GP. Oral rehydration therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century.. Current Gastroenterology Reports. March 2014, 16 (3): 376. PMC 3950600 . PMID 24562469. doi:10.1007/s11894-014-0376-2.
^ Nalin DR, Harland E, Ramlal A, Swaby D, McDonald J, Gangarosa R, Levine M, Akierman A, Antoine M, Mackenzie K, Johnson B. Comparison of low and high sodium and potassium content in oral rehydration solutions. J Pediatr. November 1980, 97 (5): 848–853. PMID 7431183. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80287-3.
^ Selendy, Janine M. H. Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures. John Wiley & Sons. 2011: 60. ISBN 9781118148600. （原始内容存档于18 September 2017）（英语）.
^ World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

[WHO2008-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 World Health Organization. WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization (WHO). 2009: 349–351. ISBN 9789241547659.

[Islam1986-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Islam, M R. Citrate can effectively replace bicarbonate in oral rehydration salts for cholera and infantile diarrhoea. Bull World Health Organ. 1986, 64 (1): 145–150. PMC 2490925 . PMID 3015443.

[Mun2010-3] Munos, MK; Walker, CL; Black, RE. The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality.. International Journal of Epidemiology. April 2010, 39 (Suppl 1): i75–87. PMC 2845864 . PMID 20348131. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq025.

[Bi2014-4] Binder, HJ; Brown, I; Ramakrishna, BS; Young, GP. Oral rehydration therapy in the second decade of the twenty-first century.. Current Gastroenterology Reports. March 2014, 16 (3): 376. PMC 3950600 . PMID 24562469. doi:10.1007/s11894-014-0376-2.

[nalin1980-5] Nalin DR, Harland E, Ramlal A, Swaby D, McDonald J, Gangarosa R, Levine M, Akierman A, Antoine M, Mackenzie K, Johnson B. Comparison of low and high sodium and potassium content in oral rehydration solutions. J Pediatr. November 1980, 97 (5): 848–853. PMID 7431183. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80287-3.

[6] Selendy, Janine M. H. Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Environment: Challenges, Interventions and Preventive Measures. John Wiley & Sons. 2011: 60. ISBN 9781118148600. （原始内容存档于18 September 2017）（英语）.

[WHO21st-7] World Health Organization. World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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