安东·瓦尔特 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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加布里埃尔·安东·瓦尔特(德語:Gabriel Anton Walter,1752年2月5日—1826年4月11日),钢琴制造家。《新格罗夫音乐与音乐家辞典》将他称作“当时最著名的维也纳钢琴制造家”。[1]
生平
[编辑]瓦尔特出生于德国诺伊豪森。1780年他迁至维也纳,[2]1790年他被授予帝国皇家室内管风琴制造家和乐器制造家的身份。到了1800年,他雇用了大约20名工人。[3] 同年,他的继子约瑟夫·舍夫斯托斯(Joseph Schöffstoss)加入了他的事业,钢琴也被冠以“安东·瓦尔特与儿子”(Anton Walter und Sohn)之名。[3]瓦尔特最后一架尚存的钢琴的历史可以追溯到1825年,他于次年去世。[3]
瓦尔特改进了维也纳钢琴的机械设计,在击弦机制(action)加入了一个制动托木(back check),从而防止琴锤上下弹动。在瓦尔特的时代,这一创新被其他维也纳钢琴制造商采用。[3] 使用瓦尔特钢琴的作曲家有贝多芬、[4][5]莫扎特和海顿。[6]
莫扎特的乐器
[编辑]沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特大约在1782年购买了一架瓦尔特钢琴,[3]并将其用于他职业生涯中最重要的阶段之一,即他创作成熟的钢琴协奏曲并首演成功的阶段。[7]约在1800年(莫扎特去世后9年),瓦尔特公司对这款钢琴进行了相当大的修改。[7]它至今仍保存在萨尔斯堡,[8]曾是莫扎特的儿子卡尔在米兰的财产。
瓦尔特的古钢琴经常被现代古钢琴制造家作为典范,如菲利普·贝尔特(Philip Belt)、罗德尼·里杰尔(Rodney Regier)、保罗·麦克诺提(Paul McNulty)和克里斯托弗·克拉克(Christopher Clark)等。
用瓦尔特琴录制的专辑
[编辑]- 保罗·巴杜拉-斯柯达. Paul Badura-Skoda. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Works for piano. Played on an Anton Walter 1790 fortepiano. Label: Gramola.
- 保罗·巴杜拉-斯柯达. Paul Badura-Skoda with Musica Florea. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Piano concertos K.271, K.414. Played on a copy of a Walter instrument made by Paul McNulty.
- 雅罗斯拉夫·图马. Jaroslav Tuma. Antonin Reicha. 36 fugues for piano. Played on the original 1790 Anton Walter fortepiano.
- 马尔科姆·比尔森、汤姆·贝金、大卫·布雷特曼、乌苏拉·杜奇勒、兹维·梅尼克、巴特·范·奥尔特、安德鲁·威利斯。Malcolm Bilson, Tom Beghin, David Breitman, Ursula Dütschler, Zvi Meniker, Bart van Oort, Andrew Willis. Ludwig van Beethoven. The complete Piano Sonatas on Period Instruments. Played on original fortepianos: Salvatore Lagrassa 1815, Gottlieb Hafner 1835, Johann Fritz 1825, Walter fortepiano copy by Paul McNulty, Walter copies by Chris Maene, Johann Schantz copy by Thomas and Barbara Wolf, a Walter and Conrad Graf 1825 copies by Rodney Regier, Label: Claves.
- 克里斯蒂安·波泽伊登霍特. Kristian Bezuidenhout. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Keyboard Music Vol.2 Played on a copy of a Walter instrument made by Paul McNulty.
- 罗伯特·莱文与古代音乐学院,克利斯朵夫·霍格伍德. Robert Levin with the Academy of Ancient Music, Christopher Hogwood. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Piano Concertos Nos. 15 & 26. Played on Mozart’s own Walter (restored).
- 尼古拉斯·哈农库特,鲁道夫·布赫宾德. Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Rudolf Buchbinder. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Piano Concertos No. 23 & 25. Played on a copy of a Walter instrument made by Paul McNulty.
- 安德烈亚斯·斯泰尔. Andreas Staier. Joseph Haydn. Sonatas and Variations. Played on a copy of a Walter instrument made by Christopher Clarke.
- 马尔科姆·比尔森,约翰·艾略特·加德纳,英国巴洛克独奏家。Malcolm Bilson, John Eliot Gardiner, The English Baroque Soloists. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concertos Nos. 20&21/ Concertos Pour Piano K. 466 & K.467. Played on a replica of Walter fortepiano by Philip Belt. Label: Archiv Production.
- 马尔科姆·比尔森。Malcolm Bilson. Franz Josef Haydn. Keyboard Sonatas. Played on a replica of Walter fortepiano by Philip Belt. Label: Titanic Records.
- 阿列克谢·卢比莫夫和他的同事。Alexei Lubimov and his colleagues. Ludwig van Beethoven. Complete piano sonatas. Played on copies of Stein, Walter, Graf, Buchholtz instruments made by Paul McNulty.
- 薇薇安娜·索夫罗尼茨基. Viviana Sofronitsky with Warsaw Chamber Opera Orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Complete Mozart works for keyboard instrument and orchestra (11 CD box). Played on a copy of a Walter instrument made by Paul McNulty.
參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Walter, (Gabriel) Anton. Grove Music Online. [2021-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-01) (英语).
- ^ Latcham, Michael (1997) "Mozart and the pianos of Gabriel Anton Walter." Early Music 25(3):383–400.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Latcham, Michael (2009) "Anton Walter". Article in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, online edition. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Carl Czerny, Über den richtigen Vertrag der sämtlichen Beethovenschen Klavierwerke (Vienna 1963), ed. Paul Badura-Skoda p.10
- ^ Ludwig van Beethoven, Brief an Nikolaus Zmeskall, Wien, (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) November 1802, Autograph
- ^ Mozart and the Pianos of Gabriel Anton Walter Author(s): Michael Latcham. Source: Early Music , Aug., 1997, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Aug., 1997), pp. 382-400 Published by: Oxford University Press
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Translated from the original German in Mozart: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen, ed. Wilhelm A. Bauer and Otto Erich Deutsch (Kassel, 1963), Vol. III.
- ^ Mozart Residence : Museums in Salzburg : salzburg.info. www.salzburg.info. [2021-06-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-07) (英语).