氰化钡(barium cyanide),化学式 Ba(CN)2,分子量为189.38,白色光亮鳞状结晶。不溶于水,微溶于乙醇,遇酸或露置空气中能吸收水分和二氧化碳分解出剧毒的氰化氢气体。[2]
它是由氢氰酸和氢氧化钡在水中或是石油醚中反应而成的。[3][4]
![{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ba(OH)_{2}+2\ HCN\longrightarrow Ba(CN)_{2}\ +2\ H_{2}O} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3718cbafdca4b6539f816ae3eacc5acf618c888)
它也可以由氢氧化钡和碳在空气或氮气中燃烧而成。[4]
![{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ba(OH)_{2}+3\ C+N_{2}\longrightarrow Ba(CN)_{2}\ +H_{2}O+CO} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f397064bdbf212cbbecc5fdbf95dedeeec213998)
氰化钡是一种吸湿性固体,会水合成二水合物 Ba(CN)2 · 2 H2O ,为棱柱结构。它在 100 °C 时会放出结晶水。[4] 当 Ba(CN)2 在水蒸气中加热时,会形成氢氧化钡 Ba(OH)2 、氨 NH3 和一氧化碳 CO。[4]
![{\displaystyle \mathrm {Ba(CN)_{2}+4\ H_{2}O\longrightarrow Ba(OH)_{2}+2\ NH_{3}+2\ CO} }](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ef7b61f4c9575039e6cb94ac2b544ed07620fd62)
它和镁粉加热反应,形成碳化钡。[5]
- ^ Dale L. Perry, Sidney L. Phillips: Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8, S. 49 (《氰化钡》在Google Books的內容。).
- ^ Smith, R P; Gosselin, R E. Current Concepts about the Treatment of Selected Poisonings: Nitrite, Cyanide, Sulfide, Barium, and Quinidine. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 1976, 16: 189–99. PMID 779614. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.16.040176.001201.
- ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 R. Abegg, F. Auerbach: Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. Verlag S. Hirzel, Bd. 2, 1908. S. 258. Volltext
- ^ Friedrich Konrad Beilstein: Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie. 1918, Verlag Edward Bros., 4. Auflage 1943, 1. Band, S. 243. Volltext