鹰科 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
鹰科![]() 化石时期: | |
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短尾雕 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 鸟纲 Aves |
目: | 鹰形目 Accipitriformes |
科: | 鹰科 Accipitridae Vieillot, 1816 |
亚科 | |
鹰科在鸟类传统分类系统中是鸟纲中的隼形目中的一个科,但現在改分至鷹形目。是鷹形目鸟类两个最大的科之一。
在狹義的定義上,小型鷹科猛禽泛稱為鷹,大型鷹科猛禽泛稱為鵰,某些中型鷹科猛禽稱為鵟。[1]
亞科與屬
[编辑]- 鸢亚科 Elaninae
- 蜂鹰亚科 Perninae
- 西非鹃隼 Aviceda cuculoides
- 马达加斯加鹃隼 Aviceda madagascariensis
- 褐冠鹃隼 Aviceda jerdoni
- 凤头鹃隼 Aviceda subcristata
- 黑冠鹃隼 Aviceda leuphotes
- 长尾鵟 Hernicopernis longicauda
- 黑长尾鹰 Hernicopernis infuscatus
- 蜂鹰 Pernis apivorus
- 凤头蜂鹰 Pernis ptilorhynchus
- 菲律宾蜂鹰 Pernis celebensis
- 黑头鸢 Leptodon cayanensis
- 白颈鸢 Leptodon forbesi
- 钩嘴鸢 Chondrohierax uncinatus
- 燕尾鸢 Elanoides forficatus
- 齿鹰亚科 Milvinae
- 鹰亚科 Accipitrinae
- 苍鹰 Accipiter gentilis
- 雀鹰 Accipiter nisus
- 灰腹鹰 Accipiter poliogaster
- 凤头鹰 Accipiter trivirgatus
- 灰头凤头鹰 Accipiter griseiceps
- 红胸鹰 Accipiter toussenelii
- 非洲鹰 Accipiter tachiro
- 赤腹鹰 Accipiter soloensis
- 马达加斯加鹰 Accipiter francesii
- 斑点尾鹰 Accipiter trinotatus
- 灰鹰 Accipiter novaehollandiae
- 褐鹰 Accipiter fasciatus
- 黑背鹰 Accipiter melanochlamys
- 鹊色鹰 Accipiter albogularis
- 棕颈鹰 Accipiter rufitorques
- 白腹鹰 Accipiter haplochrous
- 摩鹿加雀鷹 Accipiter henicogrammus
- 苍头鹰 Accipiter poliocephalus
- 灰头鹰 Accipiter princeps
- 黑白雀鹰 Accipiter melanoleucus
- 亨氏鹰 Accipiter henstii
- 白颊雀鹰 Accipiter meyerianus
- 栗胁鹰 Accipiter castanilius
- 尼科巴群岛雀鹰 Accipiter butleri
- 东方雀鹰 Accipiter brevipes
- 兰灰雀鹰 Accipiter luteoschistaceus
- 拟雀鹰 Accipiter imitator
- 红腿雀鹰 Accipiter erythropus
- 非洲小雀鹰 Accipiter minullus
- 日本松雀鹰 Accipiter gularis
- 小雀鹰 Accipiter nanus
- 红颈雀鹰 Accipiter erythrauchen
- 领雀鹰 Accipiter cirrocephalus
- 短尾雀鹰 Accipiter brachyurus
- 葡萄胸雀鹰 Accipiter rhodogaster
- 马达加斯加雀鹰 Accipiter madagascariensis
- 南非雀鹰 Accipiter ovampensis
- 棕胸雀鹰 Accipiter rufiventris
- 褐耳雀鹰 Accipiter badius
- 侏儒鹰 Accipiter superciliosus
- 半领鹰 Accipiter collaris
- 条纹鹰 Accipiter striatus
- 白胸鹰 Accipiter chionogaster
- 平胸鹰 Accipiter ventralis
- 红腿鹰 Accipiter erythronemius
- 鸡鹰 Accipiter cooperii
- 古巴鹰 Accipiter gundlachi
- 双色鹰 Accipiter bicolor
- 松雀鹰 Accipiter virgatus
- 红脸歌鹰 Micronisus gabar
- 歌鹰 Melierax metabates
- 灰歌鹰 Melierax poliopterus
- 淡色歌鹰 Melierax canorus
- 非洲长尾鹰 Urotriorchis macrourus
- 赤鹰 Erythrotriorchis radiatus
- 褐肩鹰 Erythrotriorchis buergersi
- 巨赤鹰 Megatriorchis doriae
- 真鵰亞科 Aquilinae
- 冕雕 Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
- 孤冕雕 Harpyhaliaetus solitarius,现接受名为Buteogallus solitarius
- 冠雕 Morphnus guianensis
- 角雕 Harpia harpyja
- 食猿鵰 Pithecophaga jefferyi
- 新幾內亞角鵰 Harpyopsis novaeguineae
- 黑栗雕 Oroaetus isidori
- 黑白鹰雕 Spizastur melanoleucus
- 叫鹰雕 Spizaetus africanus
- 凤头鹰雕 Spizaetus cirrhatus
- 鹰雕 Spizaetus nipalensis
- 马来鹰雕 Spizaetus alboniger
- 爪哇鹰雕 Spizaetus bartelsi
- 苏拉威西岛鹰雕 Spizaetus lanceolatus
- 菲律宾鹰雕 Spizaetus philippensis
- 小鹰雕 Spizaetus nanus
- 黑鹰雕 Spizaetus tyrannus
- 饰冠鹰雕 Spizaetus ornatus
- 高冠鹰雕 Lophaetus occipitalis
- 冠鹰雕 Stephanoaetus coronatus
- 猛雕 Polemaetus bellicosus
- 白腹隼雕 Hieraaetus fasciatus
- 靴雕 Hieraaetus pennatus
- 非洲隼雕 Hieraaetus spilogaster
- 小雕 Hieraaetus morphnoides
- 艾氏雕 Hieraaetus ayresii
- 棕腹隼雕 Hieraaetus kienerii
- 金雕 Aquila chrysaetos
- 白肩雕 Aquila heliaca
- 西班牙白肩雕 Aquila (heliaca) adalberti
- 亚洲草原雕 Aquila nipalensis
- 棕色草原雕 Aquila rapax
- 乌雕 Aquila clanga
- 小乌雕 Aquila pomarina
- 黑雕 Aquila verreauxii
- 格尼氏雕 Aquila gurneyi
- 细嘴雕 Aquila wahlbergi
- 楔尾雕 Aquila audax
- 林雕 Ictinaetus malayensis
- 海鵰亞科 Haliaeetinae
- 鵟亚科 Buteoninae
- 鵟雕 Geranoaetus melanoleucus
- 普通鵟 Buteo buteo
- 红尾鵟 Buteo jamaicensis
- 棕尾鵟 Buteo rufinus
- 毛腿鵟 Buteo lagopus
- 王鵟 Buteo regalis
- 赤肩鵟 Buteo lineatus
- 巨翅鵟 Buteo platypterus
- 斯温氏鵟 Buteo swainsoni
- 大嘴鵟 Buteo magnirostris
- 岛鵟 Buteo ridgwayi
- 白腰鵟 Buteo leucorrhous
- 短尾鵟 Buteo brachyurus
- 白颈鵟 Buteo albigula
- 白尾鵟 Buteo albicaudatus
- 加拉帕戈斯群岛鵟 Buteo galapagoensis
- 红背鵟 Buteo polyosoma
- 变色鵟 Buteo poecilochrous
- 带尾鵟 Buteo albonotatus
- 孤鵟 Buteo solitarius
- 美洲棕尾鵟 Buteo ventralis
- 山鵟 Buteo oreophilus
- 短翅鵟 Buteo brachypterus
- 大鵟 Buteo hemilasius
- 非洲赤尾鵟 Buteo auguralis
- 棕鵟 Buteo augur
- 阿切氏鵟 Buteo archeri
- 暗棕鵟 Buteo rufofuscus
- 栗翅鹰 Parabuteo unicinctus
- 黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus anthracinus
- 红树黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus subtilis
- 大黑鸡鵟 Buteogallus urubitinga
- 棕鸡鵟 Buteogallus aequinoctialis
- 草原鹰 Buteogallus meridionalis
- 黑领鹰 Busarellus nigricollis
- 铅头南美鵟 Leucopternis plumbea
- 鼠灰南美鵟 Leucopternis schistacea
- 横斑南美鵟 Leucopternis princeps
- 黑脸南美鵟 Leucopternis melanops
- 白眉南美鵟 Leucopternis kuhli
- 白颈南美鵟 Leucopternis lacernulata
- 淡灰南美鵟 Leucopternis semiplumbea
- 白领南美鵟 Leucopternis albicollis
- 灰背南美鵟 Leucopternis occidentalis
- 斗蓬南美鵟 Leucopternis polionota
- 蜥鵟 Kaupifalco monogrammicus
- 蝗鵟鹰 Butastur rufipennis
- 白眼鵟鹰 Butastur teesa
- 棕翅鵟鹰 Butastur liventer
- 灰脸鵟鹰 Butastur indicus
- 秃鹫亚科 Aegypiinae
- 黑兀鹫 Sarcogyps calvus
- 秃鹫 Aegypius monachus
- 肉垂秃鹫 Torgos tracheliotus
- 白头秃鹫 Trigonoceps occipitalis
- 西域兀鷲 Gyps fulvus
- 黑白兀鹫 Gyps rueppellii
- 高山兀鹫 Gyps himalayensis
- 南非兀鹫 Gyps coprotheres
- 非洲白背兀鹫 Gyps africanus
- 印度白背兀鹫 Gyps bengalensis
- 长喙兀鹫 Gyps indicus
- 白兀鹫 Neophron percnopterus
- 头巾兀鹫 Necrosyrtes monachus
- 棕榈鹫 Gypohierax angolensis
- 胡兀鹫 Gypaetus barbatus
- 鹞亚科 Circinae
- 乌灰鹞 Circus pygargus
- 白尾鹞 Circus cyaneus
- 白头鹞 Circus aeruginosus
- 东方沼泽鹞 Circus spilonotus
- 非洲沼泽鹞 Circus ranivorus
- 沼泽鹞 Circus approximans
- 马达加斯加鹞 Circus maillardi
- 长翅鹞 Circus buffoni
- 斑点鹞 Circus assimilis
- 黑鹞 Circus maurus
- 灰鹞 Circus cinereus
- 草原鹞 Circus macrourus
- 鹊鹞 Circus melanoleucos
- 马达加斯加猎鹰 Polyboroides radiatus
- 非洲猎鹰 Polyboroides typus
- 鹤鹰 Geranospiza caerulescens
- 蛇雕亚科 Circaetinae
- 短尾雕 Terathopius ecaudatus
- 短趾雕 Circaetus gallicus
- 黑胸短趾雕 Circaetus pectoralis
- 灰短趾雕 Circaetus cinereus
- 斑短趾雕 Circaetus fasciolatus
- 小斑短趾雕 Circaetus cinerascens
- 大冠鷲 Spilornis cheela
- 尼科巴群岛蛇雕 Spilornis minimus
- 山蛇雕Spilornis kinabaluensis
- 苏拉威西岛蛇雕 Spilornis rufipectus
- 菲律宾蛇雕 Spilornis holospilus
- 安达曼群岛蛇雕 Spilornis elgini
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 《猛禽觀察圖鑑》,林文宏/著,第18頁。
- Alcover, Josep Antoni. Les Aus fòssils de la Cova de Ca Na Reia ["The fossil birds of Ca Na Reia cave"] (pdf). Endins. 1989, (14–15): 95–100 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 0211-2515. OCLC 41447612. (原始内容存档于2012-03-10) (加泰罗尼亚语及英语).
- Amaral, Karina Felipe; Jorge, Wilham. The chromosomes of the Order Falconiformes: a review (PDF). Ararajuba. 2003, 11 (1): 65–73 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 0103-5657. OCLC 23686049. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2011-04-14).
- American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). AMNH FR 2941 specimen information. 2007 [2011-05-26]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-13).
- Brathwaite, D. H. Notes on the weight, flying ability, habitat, and prey of Haast's Eagle (Harpagornis moorei) (PDF). Notornis. 1992, 39 (4): 239–247 [2011-05-26]. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2012-01-19).
- Cracraft, Joel. Notes on fossil hawks (Accipitridae) (pdf). Auk. 1969, 86 (2): 353–354 [2011-05-26]. doi:10.2307/4083514. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04).
- L. E. M. de Boer. Karyological heterogeneity in the Falconiformes (aves). Experientia. 1975-10-01, 31 (10): 1138–1139 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0014-4754. doi:10.1007/bf02326755. (原始内容存档于2018-06-05) (英语).
- Concetta Federico, Catia Daniela Cantarella, Cinzia Scavo, Salvatore Saccone, Bertrand Bed'Hom, Giorgio Bernardi. Avian genomes: different karyotypes but a similar distribution of the GC-richest chromosome regions at interphase. Chromosome Research. 2005-12-01, 13 (8): 785–793 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 0967-3849. doi:10.1007/s10577-005-1012-7. (原始内容存档于2018-06-14) (英语).
- Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. Raptors of the World. Illustrated by Kim Franklin, David Mead, and Philip Burton. Houghton Mifflin. 2001 [2013-11-30]. ISBN 978-0-618-12762-7. (原始内容存档于2014-01-03).
- del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (编). Handbook of the Birds of the World 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994. ISBN 84-87334-15-6.
- Heather R.L. Lerner, David P. Mindell. Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution: 327–346. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. (原始内容存档于2018-06-28).
- Loye Miller. Bird Remains from the Kern River Pliocene of California. The Condor. 1931, 33 (2): 70–72 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.2307/1363312. (原始内容存档于2017-01-13).
- JUAN J. NEGRO. Two aberrant serpent-eagles may be visual mimics of bird-eating raptors. Ibis. 2008-04-01, 150 (2): 307–314 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1474-919X. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2007.00782.x (英语).
- Peter W. C. Paton, Frank J. Messina, Curtice R. Griffin. A Phylogenetic Approach to Reversed Size Dimorphism in Diurnal Raptors. Oikos. 1994, 71 (3): 492–498 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.2307/3545837. (原始内容存档于2021-10-15).
- Hau-Jie Shiu, Ken-ichi Tokita, Emiko Morishita, Emiko Hiraoka, Yinyin Wu, Hiroshi Nakamura, Hiroyoshi Higuchi. Route and site fidelity of two migratory raptors: Grey-faced Buzzards Butastur indicus and Honey-buzzards Pernis apivorus. Ornithological Science. 2006-12-01, 5 (2): 151–156 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1347-0558. doi:10.2326/osj.5.151. (原始内容存档于2016-04-11).
- Smith, Richard. Les vertébrés terrestres de l'Oligocène inférieur de Belgique (Formation de Borgloon, MP 21): inventaire et interprétation des données actuelles. [Early Oligocene terrestrial vertebrates from Belgium (Borgloon Formation, MP 21): catalog and interpretation of recent data.] (PDF). Coloquios de Paleontología. 2003, E1: 647–657 [2011-05-26]. ISSN 1132-1660. OCLC 55101786. (原始内容 (pdf)存档于2011-06-09) (法语及英语).
- Thiollay, J. M. Family Accipitridae (Hawks and Eagles). in Handbook of the Birds of the World: del Hoyo, Elliott & Sargatal 1994.. 1994.
- A. Landsborough Thomson, R. E. Moreau. FEEDING HABITS OF THE PALM-NUT VULTURE GYPOHEERAX.. Ibis. 1957-10-01, 99 (4): 608–613 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1474-919X. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1957.tb03053.x (英语).
- Jennifer Ward, Dominic J. McCafferty, David C. Houston, Graeme D. Ruxton. Why do vultures have bald heads? The role of postural adjustment and bare skin areas in thermoregulation. Journal of Thermal Biology: 168–173. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.01.002. (原始内容存档于2018-06-05).
- Michael Wink, Petra Heidrich, Claus Fentzloff. A mtDNA phylogeny of sea eagles (genus Haliaeetus) based on nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome b-gene. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology: 783–791. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(96)00049-x. (原始内容存档于2018-06-24).
- T. H. Worthy, A. J. D. Tennyson, C. Jones, J. A. McNamara, B. J. Douglas. Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1–39. [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1017/s1477201906001957. (原始内容存档于2019-11-18).
- Wetmore, Alexander. Fossil birds from Mongolia and China (PDF). American Museum Novitates. 1934, (711): 1–16 [2011-05-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-06-22).
外部链接
[编辑]- 鹰科介绍(英文)(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Accipitridae videos(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on the Internet Bird Collection
- xeno-canto.org: Accipitridae sounds. Retrieved 2006-DEC-01.
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