漢語圈 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/New-Map-Sinophone_World.svg/440px-New-Map-Sinophone_World.svg.png)
漢語是多數語言之國家或區域
漢語使用者超過5,000,000人之國家或區域
漢語使用者超過1,000,000人之國家或區域
漢語使用者超過500,000人之國家或區域
漢語使用者超過100,000人之國家或區域
漢語是多數語言的聚居社區
漢語圈(英語:Sinophone)或稱作華語圈或中文圈,是一新詞,意為「使用漢語者」(Chinese-speaking),意指居民能使用至少一種漢語變體的地區,也表示其上的文化或語言[1]。這一詞語在學術界的使用上有些含糊,主要可分為兩類:
許多作者以漢語圈世界(Sinophone world)這一詞語指涉流散於大中華地區之外的海外華人地區;而有些則指涉整個華語世界,等同於華人地區。官話(現代標準漢語)是今日最被廣泛使用的漢語變體,擁有超過10億使用者,約佔世界人口的20%。
現代標準漢語是今日中華人民共和國與中華民國的官方語言、新加坡的官方語言之一,也是聯合國6種官方語言之一。漢語族之一的粵語是香港與澳門的官方語言。在美國、巴西、加拿大、澳大利亞、馬來西亞、菲律賓、泰國、越南、印度尼西亞、模里西斯、秘魯、委內瑞拉等國家或地區都有為數可觀的海外華人人口與社區,多數使用著不同的漢語變體(漢語方言),如廣東話(Cantonese)、泉漳話(Hokkien)、福州話(Foochow)、潮州話(Teochew)等等。
語言學網站《民族語》估計全球33個國家約有漢語使用者11.97億人。依照所使用的不同變體進行細部統計:官話8.48億、吳語7720萬、粵語6220萬、閩南語4680萬、晉語4500萬、湘語3600萬、客家語3010萬、贛語2060萬、閩北語1030萬、閩東語910萬、徽語460萬、閩中語310萬、莆仙語260萬等。
參見
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ 全球華語文化國際研討會 An International Conference on “Global Sinophonia”. [2020-11-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-06).
- Academia Sinica (2012), International Conference on "Global Sinophonia" 「全球華語文化」國際研討會[永久失效連結].
- Bachner, Andrea (July 2011), "Review of Jing Tsu's Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora", Modern Chinese Literature and Culture.
- Barmé, Geremie R. (2005), On New Sinology: Chinese Studies Association of Australia Newsletter 3.
- Cambria Press (2012), Cambria Sinophone World Series (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), University of Pennsylvania.
- (CNRTL) Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales (2012), sinophone (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), electronic Trésor de la langue française.
- Coulombe, Diane and William L. Roberts (2001), "The French-as-a-second-language learning experience of anglophone and allophone university students," Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis Working Paper Series 01-02, Vancouver Centre of Excellence.
- Keen, Ruth (1988), "Information Is All That Counts: An Introduction to Chinese Women's Writing in German Translation," Modern Chinese Literature 4.2:225–234. .
- Lewis, M. Paul ed. (2009), Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th edition, SIL International.
- Mair, Victor (2012), "Sinophone and Sinosphere (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," Language Log.
- McDonald, Edward (2011), "The '中国通' or the 'Sinophone'? Towards a political economy of Chinese language teaching (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," China Heritage Quarterly 25.
- Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (2007), "Review of Shih Shu-mei's Visuality and Identity: Sinophone Articulations across the Pacific (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," Modern Chinese Literature and Culture.
- Saussy, Haun (2012), "On The Phone (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," Printculture.
- Shih, Shu-Mei (2004), "Global Literature and the Technologies of Recognition," PMLA 119.1, 16–30. doi:10.1632/003081204X22828. .
- Shih, Shu-mei (2005), "Sinophone Articulations Across the Pacific," Ostasiatisches Seminar: Chinese Diasporic and Exile Experience, Universität Zürich.
- Shih, Shu-mei (2007), Visuality and Identity: Sinophone Articulations across the Pacific, University of California Press.
- Shih, Shu-Mei (2010), "Theory, Asia and the Sinophone", Postcolonial Studies 13.4:465–484. doi:10.1080/13688790.2010.525213
- Shih, Shu-mei (2011), "The Concept of the Sinophone (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)," PMLA 126.3, 709–718. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.709. .
- Shih, Shu-mei, Chien-hsin Tsai, and Brian Bernards, eds. (2013), Sinophone Studies: A Critical Reader, Columbia University Press.
- Thornber, Karen (June 2012), Review of Jing Tsu's Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 72.1, 195–202. doi:10.1353/jas.2012.0005. .
- Tsu, Jing (2010), Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora, Harvard University Press.
- Tsu, Jing (2011), "New Area Studies and Languages on the Move", PMLA 126.3, 693–700. doi:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.693. .
- Tsu, Jing (2010), "Epilogue: Sinophone Writings and Chinese Diaspora", in Stephen Owen and Kang-i Sun Chang, eds., Cambridge History of Chinese Literature 704–712.
- Tsu, Jing (2010), "Sinophonics and the Nationalization of Chinese", in Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds., Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays, Brill.
- Tsu, Jing and David Der-wei Wang, eds. (2010), Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays, Brill.
外部連結
[编辑]- Globalizing Modern Chinese Literature: Sinophone and Diasporic Writings (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) conference, Harvard University, December 6–8, 2007.
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