鸽乳 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

鴿乳，又稱嗉囊乳，是親代鳥類從嗉囊中反芻給雛鳥的一種分泌物。所有鸠鸽科鳥類都能夠分泌這種物質，此外有此能力的還有紅鸛和一些企鵝。^[1]^[2]^[3]

與哺乳動物乳的區別

鴿乳與哺乳動物的乳沒有太大的相似之處。前者只是一種淺黃色的半固體狀物質，而後者屬於乳劑的範疇，^[4] 鴿乳比牛乳和人乳更富含蛋白質和脂肪。^[5] 它還含有抗氧化劑和免疫增強因子。^[6] 如哺乳動物的乳汁一樣，鴿乳含IgA抗體，亦有一些種類的細菌。^[7] 紅鸛和鴿類無論雌雄都可以分泌鴿乳哺育後代，而企鵝中只有雄性才有此能力。^[7] 在哺乳期同哺乳類一樣由催乳激素刺激分泌。^[7]

參考文獻

^ Levi, Wendell. The Pigeon. Sumter, S.C.: Levi Publishing Co, Inc. 1977. ISBN 0-85390-013-2.
^ Silver, Rae. Prolactin and Parenting in the Pigeon Family (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Zoology. 1984, 232 (3): 617–625 [2013-09-03]. PMID 6394702. doi:10.1002/jez.1402320330. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-09-13）.
^ Eraud, C., Dorie, A., Jacquet, A. and Faivre, B. The crop milk: a potential new route for carotenoid-mediated parental effects. Journal of Avian Biology. 2008, 39 (2): 247–251. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04053.x.
^ Meagan J. Gillespie, Volker R. Haring, Kenneth A. McColl, Paul Monaghan, John A. Donald, Kevin R. Nicholas, Robert J. Moore, Tamsyn M. Crowley. Histological and global gene expression analysis of the 'lactating' pigeon crop. BMC Genomics. 2011-09-19, 12: 452 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1471-2164. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-452.
^ Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David S. and Wheye, Darryl (1988) Bird Milk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. stanford.edu
^ "Mysteries of pigeon milk explained" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved September 22, 2011
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Meagan J. Gillespie, Dragana Stanley, Honglei Chen, John A. Donald, Kevin R. Nicholas, Robert J. Moore, Tamsyn M. Crowley. Functional Similarities between Pigeon ‘Milk’ and Mammalian Milk: Induction of Immune Gene Expression and Modification of the Microbiota. PLOS ONE. 2012-10-26, 7 (10): e48363 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048363. （原始内容存档于2018-06-15）（英语）.

外部連結

[Levi-1] Levi, Wendell. The Pigeon. Sumter, S.C.: Levi Publishing Co, Inc. 1977. ISBN 0-85390-013-2.

[2] Silver, Rae. Prolactin and Parenting in the Pigeon Family (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Zoology. 1984, 232 (3): 617–625 [2013-09-03]. PMID 6394702. doi:10.1002/jez.1402320330. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-09-13）.

[3] Eraud, C., Dorie, A., Jacquet, A. and Faivre, B. The crop milk: a potential new route for carotenoid-mediated parental effects. Journal of Avian Biology. 2008, 39 (2): 247–251. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2008.04053.x.

[Gillespie2011-4] Meagan J. Gillespie, Volker R. Haring, Kenneth A. McColl, Paul Monaghan, John A. Donald, Kevin R. Nicholas, Robert J. Moore, Tamsyn M. Crowley. Histological and global gene expression analysis of the 'lactating' pigeon crop. BMC Genomics. 2011-09-19, 12: 452 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1471-2164. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-452.

[5] Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David S. and Wheye, Darryl (1988) Bird Milk （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. stanford.edu

[6] "Mysteries of pigeon milk explained" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Retrieved September 22, 2011

[Gillespie2012-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Meagan J. Gillespie, Dragana Stanley, Honglei Chen, John A. Donald, Kevin R. Nicholas, Robert J. Moore, Tamsyn M. Crowley. Functional Similarities between Pigeon ‘Milk’ and Mammalian Milk: Induction of Immune Gene Expression and Modification of the Microbiota. PLOS ONE. 2012-10-26, 7 (10): e48363 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048363. （原始内容存档于2018-06-15）（英语）.

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