蛇頸龜科 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
蛇颈龟科![]() 化石时期: | |
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枯葉龜 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 爬行綱 Reptilia |
目: | 龜鱉目 Testudines |
亚目: | 側頸龜亞目 Pleurodira |
科: | 蛇颈龟科 Chelidae Gray, 1831[1] |
屬 | |
見文內 |
蛇頸龜科(Chelidae),亦稱側頸龜科是龜鱉目下側頸龜亞目現存的三科之一。[2]該科龜類分佈於澳大利亞、新幾內亞、印度尼西亞部份地區和南美洲大部分地區。該科是龜鱉目下的一個大科,化石歷史可以追溯到白堊紀。該科龜類全部(包括現存物種及化石)位於從前的岡瓦納大陸,此外的其他地區沒有發現任何蛇頸龜科動物。[3]
描述
[编辑]像所有的側頸亞目龜類一樣,該科龜類的脖頸縮回時全部側向折回。
該科最小的物種包括16厘米(6.3英寸)長的墨累澳龜、[4]18厘米(7.1英寸)長的南美扁頭龜和15厘米(5.9英寸)長的澳洲短頸龜,最大的物種則有楓葉龜和白喉癩頸龜,二者的背殼長度都可達45厘米(18英寸)。[5]
殼
[编辑]蛇頸龜科的背殼都很獨特,[6]原因可能是他們不需要大的背最長肌。[7]同時其背殼也很堅固,這是其一種保護機制,增加了對外界衝擊的抵抗力,但也有人認為這是爲了這與其進食方式和其他一些因素有關係。[7]
- 蛇頸龜科背殼的盾板和骨骼
- 蛇頸龜科腹甲的盾板和骨骼
分類
[编辑]該科約有20屬,60余種龜。 以下依據1998年喬治斯等人的研究:[8]
- 亞科:東澳蛇頸龜亞科(Chelodininae)
- 亞科:蛇頸龜亞科(Chelidinae)
- 屬:蛇頸龜屬(Duméril 1806)
- 屬:刺頸龜屬 (Gray 1873[15])
- 屬:中龜屬 (Gray, 1873)
- 屬:蟾頭龜屬(Wagner 1830)
- 屬:扁龜屬 (Wagner 1830)
- 屬:紅腿蟾頭龜屬(Wagner 1830)
- 屬:†Bonapartemys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 屬:†Lomalatachelys (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 屬:†Prochelidella (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 屬:†Palaeophrynops (Lapparent de Broin&de la Fuente 2001[16])
- 屬:†Parahydraspis (Wieland 1923[17])
- 屬:†Linderochelys (de la Fuente et al. 2007)
- 亞科:漁龜亞科(Hydromedusinae)
- 屬:漁龜屬(Wagler 1830)
- 屬:†Yaminuechelys (de la Fuente et al. 2001)
種系發生
[编辑]該科現存物種的種系發生基於1998年喬治斯等人的研究:[8]
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參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium or short descriptions of the species of reptiles. Part 1. Cataphracta, tortoises, crocodiles, and enaliosaurians. London. 85 pp.
- ^ Obst, Fritz Jurgen. Cogger, H.G. & Zweifel, R.G. , 编. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 111–112. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ^ Georges, A., & Thomson, S. 2006. Evolution and Zoogeography of Australian freshwater turtles. In: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G., and Lee, M. (eds.), Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Sydney: Australia.
- ^ Cann, J. (2008) Freshwater Turtles: A Wild Australia Guide, Qld, Australia: Steve Parish Publishing, p. 46.
- ^ Thomson, S., Georges, A. and C. Limpus, (2006). A New Species of Freshwater Turtle in the Genus Elseya (Testudines: Chelidae) from Central Coastal Queensland, Australia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 5(1):74-86.
- ^ Thomson, S. and Georges, A. 1996. Neural bones in chelid turtles. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2:82-86.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Thomson S. 2003. Long necks, flat heads and the evolution of piscivory. World Chelonian Trust (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Georges, A.; J. Birrell, K. M. Saint, W. McCord und S. C. Donnellan (1998) A phylogeny for side-necked turtles (Chelonia: Pleurodira) based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67: 213-246
- ^ Megirian, D. and Murray, P. 1999. Chelid turtles (Pleurodira, Chelidae) from the Miocene Camfield Beds, Northern Territory of Australia, with a description of a new genus and species. The Beagle (Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory) 15:75–130.
- ^ Gray, J.E. (1867) Description of a new Australian tortoise (Elseya latisternum). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 20: 43-45.
- ^ Cann, J. and Legler, J.M. (1994). The Mary River Tortoise: a new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queensland, Australia (Testudines; Pleurodira). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1(2):81-96.
- ^ Thomson, S. & Georges, A. (2009) Myuchelys gen. nov. — a new genus for Elseya latisternum and related forms of Australian freshwater turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) Zootaxa 2053: 32–42.
- ^ Seibenrock, F. 1901. Beschreibung einer neuen schildkrotengattung aus der familie Chelydidae aus Australien: Pseudemydura. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 38:248-251.
- ^ Legler, J.M. & Cann, J. 1980. A new species of chelid turtle from Queensland, Australia. Contributions to Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 324:1-18.
- ^ Gray, J.E. 1873. Observations on chelonians, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)11:289-308.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Broin, F. de. and de la Fuente, M.S. 2001. Oldest world Chelidae (Chelonii, Pleurodira), from the Cretaceous Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 333:463-470.
- ^ Wieland, G. R. 1923. A new Parana Pleurodiran. American Journal of Science. 5(25):1-15.
外部連結
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