1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 238 seats in the United States House of Representatives[1][2] 120 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Independent gain Opposition gain Know Nothing hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1858–59 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 7, 1858, and December 1, 1859. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 238 representatives were elected in the new state of Oregon, the pending new state of Kansas, and the other 32 states before the first session of the 36th United States Congress convened on December 5, 1859. They were held during President James Buchanan's term.
Winning a plurality for the first time, Republicans benefited from multiple factors including the collapse of the nativist American Party, sectional strife in the Democratic Party, Northern voter dissatisfaction with the Supreme Court's March 1857 Dred Scott decision, political exposure of Democrats to chaotic violence in Kansas amid repeated attempts to impose slavery against the express will of a majority of its settlers, and a sharp decline in President Buchanan's popularity due to his perceived fecklessness. In Pennsylvania, his home state, Republicans made particularly large gains.
The pivotal Dred Scott decision was only the second time the Supreme Court had overturned an Act of Congress on Constitutional grounds, after Marbury v. Madison. The decision created apprehension in the North, where slavery had ceased to exist, that the Supreme Court would strike down any limitations on slavery anywhere in the United States with a ruling in Lemmon v. New York.
Short of a majority, Republicans controlled the House with limited cooperation from smaller parties also opposing the Democrats. Republicans were united in opposing slavery in the territories and fugitive slave laws, while rejecting the abrogation of the Missouri Compromise, key aspects of the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision. Though not yet abolitionist, Republicans openly derived a primary partisan purpose from hostility to slavery while furnishing a mainstream platform for abolitionism. None of the party's views or positions was new. However, their catalytic cohesion into a unified political vehicle, and the bold dismissal of the South, represented a newly disruptive political force.
Democrats remained divided and politically trapped. Fifteen Democratic members publicly defied their party label. Of seven Independent Democrats, six represented Southern districts. Eight Northern anti-Lecompton Democrats favored a ban on slavery in Kansas, effectively upholding the Missouri Compromise their party had destroyed several years earlier. Democrats lacked credible leadership and continued to drift in a direction favorable to the interests of slavery despite obviously widening and intensifying Northern opposition to the expansion of those interests. A damaging public perception also existed that President Buchanan had improperly influenced and endorsed the Dred Scott decision, incorrectly believing that it had solved his main political problem. Such influence would violate the separation of powers. The wide gap between Democratic rhetoric and results alienated voters, while defeat in the North and intra-party defection combined to make the party both more Southern and more radical.
Democrats lost seats in some slave states as the disturbing turn of national events and surge in sectional tensions alarmed a significant minority of Southern voters. Southern politicians opposing both Democrats and extremism, but unwilling to affiliate with Republicans, ran on the Southern Opposition Party ticket (not to be conflated with the Opposition Party of 1854).[h]
For 11 states, this was the last full congressional election until the Reconstruction. Twenty-nine elected members quit near the end of the session following their states' secession from the Union, whose immediate motivation was the result of the presidential election of 1860.
Election summaries
[edit]One seat each was added for the new states of Oregon[3] and Kansas.[4]
98 | 5 | 19 | 116 |
Democratic | KN | Opp. | Republican |
State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic[i] | Know Nothing | Opposition | Republican | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oregon [j] | At-large | June 7, 1858 | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arkansas | Districts | August 2, 1858 | 2 | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missouri | Districts | August 2, 1858 | 7 | 5[k] | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vermont | Districts | September 7, 1858 | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maine | Districts | September 13, 1858 | 6 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 6 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Florida | At-large | October 4, 1858 | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
South Carolina | Districts | October 10–11, 1858 | 6 | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indiana | Districts | October 12, 1858 | 11 | 4[l] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 7 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Iowa | Districts | October 12, 1858 | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ohio | Districts | October 12, 1858 | 21 | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 15 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | Districts | October 12, 1858 | 25 | 5[m] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 20 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | At-large | November 2, 1858 (Election Day)[n] | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illinois | Districts | 9 | 5 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Massachusetts | Districts | 11 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 11 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michigan | Districts | 4 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | 2[o] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New York | Districts | 33 | 7[p] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 26 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1859 beginning of the term) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 8, 1859 | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Connecticut | Districts | April 4, 1859 | 4 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhode Island | Districts | April 7, 1859 | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Virginia | Districts | May 26, 1859 | 13 | 12[q] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alabama | Districts | August 1, 1859 | 7 | 7 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kentucky | Districts | August 1, 1859 | 10 | 5 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 5 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Texas | Districts | August 1, 1859 | 2 | 2[r] | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Carolina | Districts | August 4, 1859 | 8 | 4 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tennessee | Districts | August 4, 1859 | 10 | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 7 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California | At-large | September 7, 1859 | 2 | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Georgia | Districts | October 3, 1859 | 8 | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mississippi | Districts | October 3, 1859 | 5 | 5 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minnesota | At-large | October 4, 1859 | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Louisiana | Districts | November 7, 1859 | 4 | 3 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maryland | Districts | November 8, 1859 | 6 | 3 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kansas [s] | At-large | December 1, 1859 | 1 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 238[t] | 98[b] 41.4% | ![]() | 5 2.1% | ![]() | 19 8.0% | ![]() | 116 48.5% | ![]() |
Special elections
[edit]There were special elections in 1858 and 1859 to the 35th United States Congress and 36th United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
35th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 7 | Nathaniel P. Banks | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent resigned December 24, 1857 to become Governor of Massachusetts. New member elected in December 1857 or January 1858. Republican hold. Successor seated January 21, 1858.[6] Successor already elected to the next term; see below. |
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North Carolina 8 | Thomas L. Clingman | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent resigned May 7, 1858 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected August 5, 1858[7] Know Nothing gain. Successor seated December 7, 1858.[6] Successor later elected to the next term; see below. |
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Mississippi 5 | John A. Quitman | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent died July 17, 1858. New member elected October 4, 1858. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 7, 1858.[6] Successor later elected to the next term; see below. |
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Pennsylvania 8 | J. Glancy Jones | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent resigned October 30, 1858. New member elected November 30, 1858.[8] Republican gain. Successor seated December 7, 1858.[6] Successor not elected to the next term; see below. |
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Illinois 6 | Thomas L. Harris | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent died November 24, 1858. New member elected January 4, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated January 20, 1859.[6] Successor not elected to the next term; see below. |
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New York 4 | John Kelly | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent resigned December 25, 1858. New member elected January 4, 1859.[9] Independent Democratic gain. Successor seated January 17, 1859.[6] Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. |
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36th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 14 | Cyrus Spink | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent died May 31, 1859. New member elected October 11, 1859. Republican hold. Successor seated December 5, 1859.[10] |
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Virginia 4 | William Goode | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent died May 31, 1859. New member elected October 27, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 7, 1859.[10] |
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Illinois 6 | Thomas L. Harris | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent died November 24, 1858. New member elected November 8, 1859. Democratic hold. Successor seated December 5, 1859.[10] |
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Alabama
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | |||||
Alabama 2 | |||||
Alabama 3 | |||||
Alabama 4 | |||||
Alabama 5 | |||||
Alabama 6 | |||||
Alabama 7 |
Arkansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Alfred B. Greenwood | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Arkansas 2 | Albert Rust | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California
[edit]California held its election September 7, 1859. From statehood to 1864, California's members were elected at-large, with the top finishers winning election.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | Charles L. Scott | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Joseph C. McKibbin | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic hold. |
Connecticut
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | |||||
Connecticut 2 | |||||
Connecticut 3 |
Delaware
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | William G. Whiteley | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | George S. Hawkins | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | |||||
Georgia 2 | |||||
Georgia 3 | |||||
Georgia 4 | |||||
Georgia 5 | |||||
Georgia 6 | |||||
Georgia 7 | |||||
Georgia 8 |
Illinois
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | |||||
Illinois 2 | |||||
Illinois 3 | |||||
Illinois 4 | |||||
Illinois 5 | |||||
Illinois 6 | |||||
Illinois 7 | |||||
Illinois 8 | |||||
Illinois 9 |
Indiana
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | |||||
Indiana 2 | |||||
Indiana 3 | |||||
Indiana 4 | |||||
Indiana 5 | |||||
Indiana 6 | |||||
Indiana 7 | |||||
Indiana 8 | |||||
Indiana 9 | |||||
Indiana 10 | |||||
Indiana 11 |
Iowa
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | |||||
Iowa 2 |
Kansas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas at-large | New state | New seat. New member elected December 1, 1859 in advance of January 29, 1861 statehood. Republican gain. |
|
Kansas Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
Kentucky
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | |||||
Kentucky 2 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Kentucky 4 | |||||
Kentucky 5 | |||||
Kentucky 6 | |||||
Kentucky 7 |
Louisiana
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | George Eustis Jr. | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Know Nothing hold. |
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Louisiana 2 | Miles Taylor | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 3 | Thomas G. Davidson | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 4 | John M. Sandidge | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Maine
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | |||||
Maine 2 | |||||
Maine 3 | |||||
Maine 4 | |||||
Maine 5 | |||||
Maine 6 |
Maryland
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | |||||
Maryland 2 | |||||
Maryland 3 | |||||
Maryland 4 | |||||
Maryland 5 | |||||
Maryland 6 |
Massachusetts
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | |||||
Massachusetts 2 | |||||
Massachusetts 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 4 | |||||
Massachusetts 5 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Massachusetts 7 | |||||
Massachusetts 8 | |||||
Massachusetts 9 | |||||
Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Massachusetts 11 |
Michigan
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William A. Howard | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Election successfully contested. Incumbent re-seated May 15, 1860. |
| ||||
Michigan 2 | Henry Waldron | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 3 | David S. Walbridge | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Michigan 4 | Dewitt C. Leach | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan voted in 3 Republicans and 1 Democrat in the first elections of this Midterm. The only district to vote in favor of the Democratic Party's candidate was the First, which encompassed the modern-day counties of Wayne, Washtenaw, Livingston, and Jackson.
Minnesota
[edit]Minnesota became a new state in 1858 having already elected its first two members at-large in October 1857 to finish the current term. The state then held elections to the next term October 4, 1859.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota at-large 2 seats | James M. Cavanaugh | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. | Elected on a general ticket:
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William Wallace Phelps | Democratic | 1857 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Republican gain. |
Mississippi
[edit]Elections held late, on October 3, 1859.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌![]() |
Mississippi 2 | Reuben Davis | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | William Barksdale | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌![]() |
Mississippi 4 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 5 | John J. McRae | Democratic | 1858 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌![]() |
Missouri
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | |||||
Missouri 2 | |||||
Missouri 3 | |||||
Missouri 4 | |||||
Missouri 5 | |||||
Missouri 6 | |||||
Missouri 7 |
Nebraska Territory
[edit]See non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | |||||
New Hampshire 2 | |||||
New Hampshire 3 |
New Jersey
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | |||||
New Jersey 2 | |||||
New Jersey 3 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
New Jersey 5 |
New York
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | |||||
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
New York 6 | |||||
New York 7 | |||||
New York 8 | |||||
New York 9 | |||||
New York 10 | |||||
New York 11 | |||||
New York 12 | |||||
New York 13 | |||||
New York 14 | |||||
New York 15 | |||||
New York 16 | |||||
New York 17 | |||||
New York 18 | |||||
New York 19 | |||||
New York 20 | |||||
New York 21 | |||||
New York 22 | |||||
New York 23 | |||||
New York 24 | |||||
New York 25 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 | |||||
New York 32 | |||||
New York 33 |
North Carolina
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | |||||
North Carolina 2 | |||||
North Carolina 3 | |||||
North Carolina 4 | |||||
North Carolina 5 | |||||
North Carolina 6 | |||||
North Carolina 7 | |||||
North Carolina 8 |
Ohio
[edit]Ohio elected its members October 12, 1858, netting a 3-seat Republican gain.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[27] | |
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 2 | William S. Groesbeck | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 3 | Clement Vallandigham | Democratic | 1856[u] | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 4 | Matthias H. Nichols | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 5 | Richard Mott | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 6 | Joseph R. Cockerill | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Ohio 7 | Aaron Harlan | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 8 | Benjamin Stanton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 9 | Lawrence W. Hall | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 10 | Joseph Miller | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 11 | Albert C. Thompson | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Ohio 12 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 14 | Philemon Bliss | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. Successor died May 31, 1859, leading to a special election. |
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Ohio 15 | Joseph Burns | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 16 | Cydnor B. Tompkins | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 17 | William Lawrence | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Ohio 18 | Benjamin F. Leiter | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 19 | Edward Wade | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Ohio 20 | Joshua Reed Giddings | Republican | 1843 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
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Ohio 21 | John Bingham | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Oregon
[edit]35th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon at-large | New state | New seat. New member elected June 7, 1858. Democratic gain. Successor seated February 14, 1859.[6] New member did not run for the next term. |
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36th Congress
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon at-large | New state | New seat. Democratic hold. New member did not run for the current term. |
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Pennsylvania
[edit]![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 2 | Edward Joy Morris | Republican | Incumbent re-elected. |
| |
Pennsylvania 3 | James Landy | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 4 | Henry M. Phillips | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 5 | Owen Jones | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 6 | John Hickman | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 7 | Henry Chapman | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 8 | J. Glancy Jones | Democratic |
| Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania 9 | Anthony E. Roberts | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 10 | John C. Kunkel | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 11 | William L. Dewart | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 12 | Paul Leidy | Democratic | 1857 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 13 | William H. Dimmick | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 14 | Galusha A. Grow | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 15 | Allison White | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 16 | John A. Ahl | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 17 | Wilson Reilly | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 18 | John R. Edie | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 19 | John Covode | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 20 | William Montgomery | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 21 | David Ritchie | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 22 | Samuel A. Purviance | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 23 | William Stewart | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 24 | James L. Gillis | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 25 | John Dick | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Rhode Island
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | Nathan B. Durfee | Republican | 1855 | Incumbent retired. American Republican gain. |
|
Rhode Island 2 | William D. Brayton | Republican | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | John McQueen | Democratic | 1849 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 2 | William P. Miles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 3 | Laurence M. Keitt | Democratic | 1853 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 4 | Milledge L. Bonham | Democratic | 1857 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | James Lawrence Orr | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 6 | William W. Boyce | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee
[edit]Elections held late, on August 4, 1859.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Albert G. Watkins | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Opposition gain. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Horace Maynard | Know Nothing | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected as an Oppositionist. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 3 | Samuel A. Smith | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 5 | Charles Ready | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election as an independent. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 6 | George W. Jones | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 7 | John V. Wright | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | Felix Zollicoffer | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 9 | John D. C. Atkins | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. |
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Tennessee 10 | William T. Avery | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | John H. Reagan | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas 2 | Guy M. Bryan | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
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Vermont
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[39] | |
Vermont 1 | E. P. Walton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Vermont 3 | Homer E. Royce | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Muscoe R. H. Garnett | Democratic | 1856 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 2 | John Millson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 3 | John Caskie | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Virginia 4 | William O. Goode | Democratic | Incumbent re-elected. |
| |
Virginia 5 | Thomas S. Bocock | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 6 | Paulus Powell | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Virginia 7 | William Smith | Democratic |
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | Charles J. Faulkner | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election. Opposition gain. |
|
Virginia 9 | John Letcher | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Virginia 10 | Sherrard Clemens | Democratic |
| Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 11 | Albert G. Jenkins | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 12 | Henry A. Edmundson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Virginia 13 | George W. Hopkins | Democratic | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[40] | |
Wisconsin 1 | John F. Potter | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Cadwallader C. Washburn | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 3 | Charles Billinghurst | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Non-voting delegates
[edit]District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas | Marcus J. Parrott | Republican | 1856 or 1857 | Incumbent re-elected in 1859. |
|
Nebraska | Fenner Ferguson | Independent Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected October 11, 1859.[42] Democratic gain. Election was later overturned due to a successful challenge by the loser. |
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Regular elections, not specials
- ^ a b Includes two elected as Lecompton Democrats.
- ^ While most of the Whig State Party affiliates in the South transitioned from the American Party to the newly formed Opposition Party, the North Carolina affiliate seems to have declined to do so.
- ^ There was only one Whig candidate during the 1856-1857 period, who earned twenty-three votes.
- ^ Included one Independent Democrat or "Benton" Democrat: Francis Preston Blair Jr. of Missouri.
- ^ Includes five Anti-Lecompton Democrats, seven Independent Democrats, and three Anti-Administration Democrats.
- ^ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as an Independent, Union Democrat, Anti-Administration Democrat, Anti-Lecompton Democrat, and Independent Democrat.
- ^ See The Kansas-Nebraska act
- ^ "Democratic" includes Independent Democrats and Anti-Lecompton Democrats.
- ^ New state. Representative seated February 14, 1859.
- ^ Includes 1 Independent Democrat.
- ^ Includes 1 Anti-Lecompton Democrat.
- ^ Includes 2 Anti-Lecompton Democrats.
- ^ In January 1845, Congress mandated a uniform date for choosing Presidential electors.[5] Gradually, states brought other elections into conformity with this date.
- ^ Includes 2 Anti-Lecompton Democrats.
- ^ Includes 1 Independent Democrat and 3 Anti-Lecompton Democrats.
- ^ Includes 4 Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes 1 Independent Democrat.
- ^ New state. Representative seated January 29, 1861.
- ^ An increase of one seat for the new state of Oregon. (See 11 Stat. 383 and United States congressional apportionment.)
- ^ Contested election
References
[edit]- ^ Party Breakdown of the 36th House
- ^ "Electing the House of Representatives". dsl.richmond.edu.
- ^ 11 Stat. 383
- ^ 12 Stat. 126
- ^ 5 Stat. 721
- ^ a b c d e f g "Thirty-fifth Congress March 4, 1857, to March 3, 1859". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 18, 2019 – via History.house.gov.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Our Campaigns - NC District 08 - Special Election Race - Aug 05, 1858". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ a b "Our Campaigns - PA District 08 - Special Election Race - Nov 30, 1858". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 4 - Special Election Race - Jan 04, 1859". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ a b c "Thirty-sixth Congress March 4, 1859, to March 3, 1861". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1027. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ Greeley, Horace; Cleveland, John F. (1860). A Political Text-Book for 1860. New York, New York: The Tribune Association. p. 248. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - KS at Large - Initial Election Race - Dec 01, 1859".
- ^ a b c d Greeley, Horace; Cleveland, John F. (1860). A Political Text-Book for 1860. New York, New York: The Tribune Association. p. 243. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 02, 1858". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 01 - Revised Vote Totals Race - Nov 02, 1858". Our Campaigns. January 2, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 02, 1858". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 02, 1858". Our Campaigns. September 10, 2012. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 02, 1858". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MN At-Large Race - Oct 04, 1859". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 84, 85.
- ^ Greeley, Horace; Cleveland, John F. (1860). A Political Text-Book for 1860. New York, New York: The Tribune Association. p. 247. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "The Man". The Kansas Chief. White Cloud, Kansas. Newspapers.com. p. 2. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
Johnston...will have the exquisite pleasure of being skinned alive by Parrott, in November.
- ^ "Collections of the NSHS - Volume 18". USGenNet.org.
Bibliography
[edit]- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
[edit]- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)