French
Deutsch2012 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2012.
Note: In 2012, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature was amended, with new regulations allowing the publication of new names and nomenclatural acts in zoology after 2011, in works "produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures (...) widely accessible electronic copies with fixed content and layout", provided that the work is registered in ZooBank before it is published, the work itself states the date of publication with evidence that registration has occurred, and the ZooBank registration states both the name of an electronic archive intended to preserve the work and the ISSN or ISBN associated with the work.[2][3] New scientific names appearing in electronic works are not required to be registered in ZooBank, only the works themselves are.[2] Works containing descriptions of some of the taxa listed below were not printed on paper in 2012; however, the taxa that were described in works which were registered in ZooBank in 2012 are listed as valid.
Plants
[edit]Arthropods
[edit]The following is a summary of the arthropods described in 2012
- 41 arachnids
- 105 crustaceans
- 362 insects
- 5 merostomatans
- 51 trilobites
- 9 other arthropods
Bryozoans
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Gorjunova & Weiss | Late Carboniferous | A member of Fenestellida. The type species is "Polypora" subborealis Schulga-Nesterenko (1951). | ||||
| Nom. nov. | Valid | Ariunchimeg | Lower Carboniferous | A replacement name for the genus Admiranda Ariunchimeg, 1996. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | Early or middle Miocene | A cribrimorph ascophoran. The type species is Antoniettella exigua. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ernst & Carrera | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | A cryptostome bryozoan, a member of Ptilodictyina. The type species is Argentinodictya lenticulata. | ||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hara & Jasionowski | Miocene (early Sarmatian) | A celleporid cheilostome bryozoan, a species of Celleporina. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst & Carrera | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | A phyloporinine, a species of Chasmatopora. | ||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. Genus includes new species I. wolfae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ernst, Taylor, Bohatý & Wyse Jackson | Middle Devonian | A cryptostome bryozoan. The type species is Lunostoma pulchra. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst & Carrera | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | A trepostome bryozoan, a species of Parvohallopora. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Gorjunova & Weiss | Late Carboniferous (Moscovian) | A member of Fenestellida. | ||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst & Carrera | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Ptilodictya. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is "Setosinella" meniscacantha Taylor & McKinney (2006). | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Ernst | A member of Fenestrata. | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov. | Valid | Taylor | Jurassic | A new genus for "Diastopora" retiformis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Di Martino & Taylor | A member of Cheilostomata belonging to the family Pyrisinellidae. The type species is S. zagorseki. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ernst & Carrera | Late Ordovician (Sandbian) | A cryptostome bryozoan, a species of Trigonodictya. |
Brachiopods
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amydroptychus markowitzi[14] | sp nov | Valid | Feldman et al. | Callovian | A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Amydroptychus. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Manceñido in Damborenea & Manceñido | Late Triassic | A lepismatinid brachiopod, a species of Bolilaspirifer. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Saukrodictyidae. The type species is C. cheeneetnukensis. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Christianiidae. | |||
| Gen, sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Jin | Late Ordovician | A dalmanellid brachiopod, with C. multisecta, C. meeki, C. minnesotensis | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Bimuriidae. | |||
| sp nov | Valid | He et al.. | Late Permian (Changhsingian) | An ambocoeliid brachiopod, a species of Crurithyris. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Burrirhynchia. | ||||
| Daghanirhynchia susanae[14] | Species | Valid | Feldman et al. | Callovian | A tetrarhynchiid rhynchonellide, a species of Daghanirhynchia. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is D. sandiae. | |||
| sp nov | Valid | Oleneva | Late Devonian (middle Frasnian) | A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid, a species of Eodmitria. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Benedetto | Middle Ordovician (early Darriwilian) | A plectambonitoid brachiopod. The type species is Gatosella muricata. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Orthida belonging to the group Plectorthoidea and the family Plectorthidae. | |||
| sp nov | Valid | Baliński | Early Devonian | Khudykivtsi Beds | An atrypinid brachiopod, a species of Gracianella. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Racheboeuf in Racheboeuf et al. | Devonian (Lochkovian) | A chonetoid brachiopod belonging to the family Strophochonetidae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Early Cambrian | An acrotretoid, a member of Lingulata. The type species is Kuangshanotreta malungensis. | ||||
| Gen. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 3 species: K. ulluchaensis, K. regularis and K. fragilis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Lamellaerhynchia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Rafinesquinidae. | |||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A cyclothyridid rhynchonellide. Genus contains 2 new species: L. angusteinis and L. vagus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Madison | Ordovician | A member of Strophomenida. The type species is Lynnica fragilis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa | Permian (Changhsingian) | A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Strophalosiidina and the family Strophalosiidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Orthida belonging to the group Enteletoidea and the family Draboviidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Orthida belonging to the group Orthoidea and the family Orthidae. The type species is P. farewellensis. | |||
| Plectodonta mariae pantherae[22] | Subsp nov | Valid | Baliński | Early Devonian | Khudykivtsi Beds | A sowerbyellid brachiopod, a subspecies of Plectodonta mariae. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Oleneva | Late Devonian (middle Frasnian) | A cyrtospiriferid spiriferid. The type species is Rotutaspirifer rotutus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Racheboeuf in Racheboeuf et al. | Silurian (Přídolí) | Muruhuta Shale Member | A chonetoid brachiopod belonging to the family Strophochonetidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pakhnevich | Late Devonian (Famennian) | A punctate rhynchonellide brachiopod. The type species is Sharovaella mirabilis. | ||||
| Skenidioides tatyanae[22] | sp nov | Valid | Baliński | Early Devonian | Khudykivtsi Beds | A skenidiid brachiopod, a species of Skenidioides. | ||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Late Ordovician | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Plectambonitoidea and the family Sowerbyellidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Boucot, Blodgett & Rohr | Late Silurian | A member of Atrypida belonging to the family Atrypidae. The type species is S. skaflestadi. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Smirnova | Early Cretaceous | A praecyclothyridid rhynchonellide, a species of Sulcirhynchia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Tazawa | Permian (Changhsingian) | A member of Productida belonging to the suborder Productidina and the family Linoproductidae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rasmussen, Harper & Blodgett | Ordovician (late Darriwilian–early Sandbian) | Farewell Terrane | A member of Strophomenida belonging to the family Strophomenidae. The type species is T. costata. |
Molluscs
[edit]The following is a summary of the Molluscs described in 2012
- 54 ammonites
- 14 other cephalopods
- 52 gastropods
- 15 other molluscs
Echinoderms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sumrall et al. | Early Ordovician | A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Sumrall et al. | Early Ordovician | A mitrate, a species of Anatifopsis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Andymetra galei. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Roeser | Late Kinderhookian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Wilson | Middle Jurassic (Callovian) | An apiocrinitid crinoid, a species of Apiocrinites. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Roeser | Late Kinderhookian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Parma | Eocene to Oligocene or early Miocene | A brissopsid echinoid, a species of Brissopsis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Vinn | Silurian (Llandovery) | A disparid crinoid belonging to the group Calceocrinida. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zamora, Rahman & Smith | Cambrian | A stem group echinoderm. The type species is Ctenoimbricata spinosa. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | A cladid crinoid. The type species is Cuyahogacrinus lodiensis. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Cyrtocrinus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Vinn | Silurian (Pridoli) | A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Atwood & Sumrall | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | A blastoid, a species of Diploblastus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Sumrall et al. | Early Ordovician | A possible solute. The type species is Drepanocystis dubius. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Vinn | Silurian (Pridoli) | A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Stara & Borghi | Early Miocene | A pericosmid sea urchin, a species of Faorina. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | ||||||
| Nom nov. | Valid | Doweld | Ordovician | A replacement name for the crinoid genus Bockia Hecker 1940. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid[41] | Thuy et al. | Late Triassic (early Carnian) | An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Leadagmara gracilispina. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Kammer & Roeser | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mirantsev | Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) | A taxocrinid crinoid. The type species is Neotaxocrinus arendti. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A comatulid crinoid, a species of Palaeocomaster. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hearn & Deline | Late Ordovician | A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Diplobathra and the family Rhodocrinitidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Late Bajocian or early Bathonian | A species of Pentacrinites. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Atwood & Sumrall | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | A blastoid, a species of Pentremites. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Atwood & Sumrall | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | A blastoid, a species of Pentremites. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Phyllocrinus. | ||||
| Sp nov. | Valid | Schlüter et al. | Late Cretaceous | Western Europe and Middle East | A phymosomatoid sea urchin, a species of Phymosoma. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Ausich & Roeser | Late Kinderhookian | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Praetetracrinus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville | Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian) | A sea urchin. The type species is Pygolampas edita. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ausich, Wilson & Vinn | Silurian (Pridoli) | A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida. The type species is S. estoniensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville | Early Cretaceous (Early Hauterivian) | A sea urchin. The type species is Salvaster roberti. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Late Bajocian or early Bathonian | A cyrtocrinid crinoid. The type species is Scutellacrinus tenuis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Donovan et al. | Middle Ordovician (latest Darriwilian) | Probably a stem-group cladid crinoid, possibly a dendrocrinid; a species of Segmentocolumnus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A comatulid crinoid. The type species is Singillatimetra inordinata. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Hess | Early Bathonian | A comatulid crinoid, a species of Solanocrinites. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Abdelhamid & Azab | Turonian | A phymosomatid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Abdelhamid & Azab | Turonian | A toxasterid echinoid, a species of Thylechinus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Zachos | A heart urchin belonging to the group Micrasterina. The type species is T. pittsi. | |||||
| Gen. et 3 sp. nov | Valid | Guo et al. | Early Cambrian | An animal of uncertain phylogenetic position, a possible relative of echinoderms. Genus contains Yanjiahella ancarpa (the type species), Y. monocarpa and Y. biscarpa. |
Ascidians
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. | Valid | Fedonkin et al. | An ausiid, a possible ascidian, Its type species is Burykhia hunti. |
Conodonts
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carnepigondolella angulata[51] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Cau & Rigo | Late Triassic | Originally described as a species of Carnepigondolella; Orchard (2014) transferred this species to the genus Quadralella.[52] | |||
| Carnepigondolella gulloae[53] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Rigo & Gullo | Late Triassic | A species of Carnepigondolella. | |||
| Carnepigondolella tuvalica[53] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Rigo & Gullo | Late Triassic | A species of Carnepigondolella. | |||
| Sp nov | Valid | Drygant & Szaniawski | Early Devonian (middle to late Lochkovian) | An icriodontid, a species of Caudicriodus. | ||||
| Epigondolella heinzi[51] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Cau & Rigo | Late Triassic | A species of Epigondolella. | |||
| Epigondolella miettoi[51] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Cau & Rigo | Late Triassic | A species of Epigondolella. | |||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Méndez | Carboniferous (Moscovian) | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Méndez | Carboniferous (Moscovian) | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Shen et al. | Permian (Kungurian) | A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Sweetognathidae. The type species is Meiognathus pustulus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Junior homonym | Bardashev & Bardasheva | Middle Devonian (Givetian) | The type species is Muellerina idrisovi. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Muellerina Bassiouni (1965); Bardashev & Bardasheva (2013) subsequently renamed the conodont genus Muellerilepis.[58] | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Stouge | Middle Ordovician | A new genus for "Lenodus" martinpointensis (Johnston and Barnes, 2000). | ||||
| Norigondolella trinacriae[51] | Sp nov | Valid | Mazza, Cau & Rigo | Late Triassic | Originally described as a species of Norigondolella; Karádi, Kozur & Görögt (2013) considered it more likely to be a species of Paragondolella.[60] | |||
| Sp nov | Valid | Drygant & Szaniawski | Early Devonian (late Lochkovian or Pragian) | A spathognathodontid, possibly a species of Pandorinellina. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Stouge | Middle Ordovician | A species of Periodon. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Wang in Gong et al. | Devonian | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Tragelehn & Hartenfels | Devonian (Famennian) | A replacement name for Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Tragelehn & Hartenfels (2011) (preoccupied by Pseudopolygnathus irregularis Branson, 1934). | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Stouge | Middle Ordovician | A species of Spinodus. |
Fishes
[edit]During 2012, 81 new species of fish were described.
Amphibians
[edit]Research
[edit]- A study of the braincase of Eocaecilia micropodia and a phylogenetic analysis of non-amniote tetrapods is published by Hillary C. Maddin, Farish A. Jenkins Jr and Jason S. Anderson (2012).[63]
- A study of anatomy and relationships of Solenodonsaurus janenschi is published by Marylène Danto, Florian Witzmann and Johannes Müller (2012).[64]
- A study of limb joint mobility of Ichthyostega is published by Stephanie E. Pierce, Jennifer A. Clack and John R. Hutchinson (2012).[65]
New taxa
[edit]Newly named basal tetrapods
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Clack, Ahlberg, Blom & Finney | Famennian | A stem tetrapod closely related to Ichthyostega. |
Newly named temnospondyls
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Piñeiro, Ramos & Marsicano | ? Late Permian | A rhinesuchid-like stereospondyl. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Early Triassic | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Fröbisch & Reisz | Leonardian | A dissorophid. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Warren | Rouse Hill Siltstone | A trematosaurine stereospondyl, a species of Microposaurus. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Werneburg | Late Carboniferous | A micromelerpetontid.[72] The type species is Nyranerpeton amilneri.[71] | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Werneburg | Late Carboniferous | An amphibamiform. Originally described as a species of Platyrhinops, but subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Anthracobamus.[73] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Early Triassic | A trematosauroid temnospondyl. The type species is Qantas samarensis. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Klembara & Steyer | Boskovice Basin | A stereospondylomorph, a species of Sclerocephalus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Novikov | Triassic | A trematosaurid temnospondyl. The type species is Trematosuchoides africanus. |
Newly named lepospondyls
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Glienke | Gzhelian or Asselian | A microsaur with an elongated body. |
Newly named lissamphibians
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid[78] | Venczel, Codrea & Fărcaş | Early Oligocene | A palaeobatrachid frog, a species of Albionbatrachus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Szentesi & Venczel | Santonian | A discoglossine discoglossid. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Gao & Shubin | Oxfordian | A salamandroid. The type species is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Agnolin | Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) | A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a relative of the helmeted water toad. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Agnolin | A member of Calyptocephalellidae, a species of Gigantobatrachus. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Gardner | Latest Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian), possibly also early Paleocene | A scapherpetontid salamander, a species of Piceoerpeton. | ||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz | Middle Miocene | A replacement name for Rana pygmaea Lartet (1851). | ||||
| Nom. nov | Junior synonym | Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz | A replacement name for Rana plicata Filhol (1877). Reinterpreted as a junior synonym of Thaumastosaurus gezei by Laloy et al. (2013).[84] | |||||
| Nom. nov | Valid | Martín, Alonso-Zarazaga & Sanchiz | Late Pleistocene | A replacement name for Rana robusta Brunner (1956). | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Skutschas & Gubin | late Paleocene - early Eocene | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Báez et al. | Maastrichtian | A neobatrachian, a possible member of Nobleobatrachia. The type species is Uberabatrachus carvalhoi. |
Parareptiles
[edit]Newly named parareptiles
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Macdougall & Reisz | Early Permian | A lanthanosuchoid. The type species is Feeserpeton oklahomensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Falconnet et al. | Lower Triassic | Middle Sakamena Formation | A procolophonid. The type species is Lasasaurus beltanae. |
Ichthyopterygians
[edit]Newly named ichthyosaurs
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Fischer et al.. | Hauterivian–Cenomanian | An ophthalmosaurid. Type species is Acamptonectes densus. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Druckenmiller et al. | Late Jurassic | An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Cryopterygius kristiansenae. Zverkov & Efimov (2019) considered this species to be synonymous with Undorosaurus gorodischensis,[91] while Delsett et al. (2019) considered it to be a distinct species, albeit possibly belonging to the genus Undorosaurus.[92] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Druckenmiller et al. | Late Jurassic | An ophthalmosaurid. The type species is Palvennia hoybergeti. Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019) considered Palvennia to be a junior synonym of the genus Arthropterygius, though the authors maintained P. hoybergeti as a distinct species within the latter genus;[93] Delsett et al. (2019) rejected this synonymy.[92] | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Maxwell, Fernández & Schoch | A species of Stenopterygius. |  | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Martin et al. | Middle Toarcian | A species of Temnodontosaurus. |
Lepidosauromorphs
[edit]Newly named saurosphargids
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cheng, Chen, Zeng & Cai | Middle Triassic | Initially thought to be an eosauropterygian sauropterygian and a relative of Wumengosaurus, pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids,[96] but subsequently reinterpreted as member of Saurosphargidae (a non-sauropterygian diapsid, though related to sauropterygians), closely related to Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis.[97] The type species is Largocephalosaurus polycarpon. |
Newly named sauropterygians
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Kubo, Mitchell & Henderson | Upper Campanian | An elasmosaurid. The type species is Albertonectes vanderveldei. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Vincent & Benson | Early Jurassic | A basal member of Plesiosauria. The type species is Anningasaura lymense. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller | Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. | A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Avalonnectes arturi. |  | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum | Late Jurassic | A long-necked plesiosaurian. The type species is Djupedalia engeri. | ||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | McKean | Early Turonian | Originally described as a third species of Dolichorhynchops, Clark, O'Keefe & Slack (2023) later moved it to the distinct genus Scalamagnus.[103] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller | Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. | A basal plesiosauroid. The type species is Eoplesiosaurus antiquior. |  | |||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid[105] | Benson et al. | Early Cretaceous | A new genus for "Cimoliasaurus" valdensis | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Smith, Araújo & Mateus | Toarcian | A plesiosaurid plesiosaur. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum | Late Jurassic | A species of Pliosaurus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cheng et al. | Middle Triassic (Ladinian) | An eosauropterygian, a relative of pachypleurosaurs and nothosauroids. The type species is Qianxisaurus chajiangensis. | ||||
| Gen. et 2 sp. nov. | Valid | Knutsen, Druckenmiller & Hurum | Late Jurassic | A long-necked plesiosaurian. Genus contains two species: Spitrasaurus wensaasi and S. larseni. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. | Valid | Benson, Evans & Druckenmiller | Early Jurassic, most likely earliest Hettangian. | Blue Lias Formation | A rhomaleosaurid. The type species is Stratesaurus taylori |  | ||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid[105] | Benson et al. | Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) | A leptocleidid. The type species is Vectocleidus pastorum. |
Newly named rhynchocephalians
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Rauhut et al. | Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) | A sphenodontid rhynchocephalian. The type species is Oenosaurus muehlheimensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Apesteguía, Gómez & Rougier | Middle Jurassic | A rhynchocephalian lepidosaur. The type species is Sphenocondor gracilis. |
Squamates
[edit]Research
[edit]- A large phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil squamates is published by Jacques A. Gauthier et al. (2012).[112]
- A study of squamate diversity in North America during the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and the impact of Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on the diversity of the group is published by Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar and Jacques A. Gauthier (2012).[113]
New taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Mo, Xu & Evans | Late Cretaceous | A platynotan lizard, probably a monstersaurian. The type species is Chianghsia nankangensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Alifanov | Eocene | An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Dornosaurus gobiensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Leblanc, Caldwell & Bardet | Maastrichtian | A mosasaur. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Alifanov | Oligocene | An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Ergiliinsaurus postumus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bolet & Evans | Early Cretaceous | A lizard related to scleroglossan lizards. The type species is Jucaraseps grandipes. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Alifanov | Eocene | An arretosaurid iguanian. The type species is Khaichinguana eocaenica. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Augé | Eocene (Bartonian) | An amphisbaenian lizard, possibly a member of Blanidae. The type species is Louisamphisbaena ferox. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Makádi, Caldwell & Ősi | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | A tethysaurine mosasauroid closely related to Tethysaurus, Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus. The type species is Pannoniasaurus inexpectatus. | ||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Sullivan et al. | Earliest Eocene | A glyptosaurine anguid lizard. Originally described as a possible species of Placosaurus; Čerňanský et al. (2024) transferred it to the genus Gaultia.[121] | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Alifanov | Late Cretaceous | A pleurodontagamid iguanian lizard; a new genus for "Mimeosaurus" tugrikinensis Alifanov (1989). | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Klembara | Early Miocene | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Evans, Jones & Matsumoto | Early Cretaceous | Purbeck Limestone Group | A member of Lacertoidea. The type species isPurbicella ragei. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Bailon & Auge | Early Pleistocene | An anguid lizard. The type species is Ragesaurus medasensis. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Daza & Bauer | Late Early Miocene or early Middle Miocene (20 to 15 MYA) | A sphaerodactylid gecko found in Dominican amber, a species of Sphaerodactylus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Alifanov | Late Cretaceous | A varanoid lizard, a species of Telmasaurus. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Daza et al. | Late Pliocene | An iguanian lizard. The type species is Uquiasaurus heptanodonta. Scanferla & Díaz-Fernández (2023) reinterpreted the type series of this species as a fossil bone assemblage composed by more than one species of Liolaemus.[128] | ||||
| Subgen. et sp. nov | Disputed | Conrad, Balcarcel & Mehling | Miocene (Turolian) | A monitor lizard. Villa et al. (2018) considered this species to be likely junior synonym of Varanus marathonensis.[130] |
Turtles
[edit]Research
[edit]- A large phylogenetic analysis of basal turtles is published by Jérémy Anquetin (2012).[131]
New taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Karl, Gröning & Brauckmann | Eocene (Lutetian) | A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Allopleuron. | ||||
| Axestemys cerevisia[133] | sp nov | Valid | Vitek | Eocene | A trionychid, a species of Axestemys. | |||
| Axestemys montinsana[133] | sp nov | Valid | Vitek | Paleocene | A trionychid, a species of Axestemys. | |||
| Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Karl et al. | Early Cretaceous | A member of Paracryptodira, a new genus for "Pleurosternon" typocardium Seeley (1869). Genus also contains a new species Ballerstedtia bueckebergensis. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. et sp. nov | Valid | Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng | Middle Jurassic | A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" zigongensis (Ye, 1982). Genus also contains a new species Bashuchelys youngi. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pérez-García | Upper Paleocene | A paracryptodiran closely related to Compsemys. The type species is Berruchelus russelli. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cadena et al. | Late Palaeocene | A podocnemidid turtle. The type species is Carbonemys cofrinii. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng | Middle Jurassic | Xiashaximiao Formation | A bashuchelyid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Chengyuchelys" dashanpuensis (Fang, 1987). | |||
| sp nov | Valid | Rabi, Tong & Botfalvai | Santonian | A bothremydid, a species of Foxemys. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pérez-García & Murelaga | Early Cretaceous | A cryptodiran turtle. The type species is Galvechelone lopezmartinezae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Claude et al. | Late Eocene | A geoemydid turtle. The type species is Guangdongemys pingi. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pérez-García, Fuente & Ortega | Late Barremian | |||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga | Late Campanian to Maastrichtian | A bothremydid, a new genus for "Elochelys" convenarum (Laurent et al. 2002). Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga (2021) considered I. convenarum to be a junior synonym of "Polysternon" atlanticum, resulting in a new combination Iberoccitanemys atlanticum.[143] | ||||
| Species | Valid | Bourque | Middle Miocene | A species of Kinosternon. | ||||
| Species | Valid | Bourque | Early middle Miocene | A species of Kinosternon. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Pérez-García & Murelaga | Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian–early Barremian) | A basal member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all extinct turtles that were more closely related to them than to pleurodirans). The type species is Larachelus morla. | ||||
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Karl, Biermann & Tichy | Early Cretaceous (early Aptian) | A toxochelyid sea turtle, a new genus for "Toxochelys" gigantea Oertel (1914). | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid[149] | Sterli & de la Fuente | Palaeocene | A relative of meiolaniids. The type species is Peligrochelys walshae. | ||||
| Species | Valid | Marmi et al.. | Late Maastrichtian | A bothremydid, a species of Polysternon. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tong, Danilov, Ye, Ouyang & Peng | Middle Jurassic | Xiashaximiao Formation | A xinjiangchelyid cryptodiran. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Cadena, Bloch & Jaramillo | Paleocene | A bothremydid turtle. The type species is Puentemys mushaisaensis. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Cadena et al. | Miocene | A geoemydid turtle, a species of Rhinoclemmys. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Cadena et al. | Miocene | A kinosternid turtle, a species of Staurotypus. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Karl & Madsen | Early Eocene | A member of Cheloniidae, a species of Tasbacka. | ||||
| Sp nov | Valid | Joyce et al.. | Miocene/Pliocene boundary | A box turtle. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Tong et al. | Late Cretaceous | A nanhsiungchelyid cryptodiran. The type species is Yuchelys nanyangensis. |
Archosauromorphs
[edit]Newly named basal archosauromorphs
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sp nov | Valid | Trotteyn, Martínez & Alcober | Late Triassic | A proterochampsian archosauriform. Originally described as a species of Chanaresuchus;[156] subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Pseudochampsa by Trotteyn & Ezcurra (2014).[157] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Li et al. | A member of Archosauriformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a poposauroid pseudosuchian,[158] but subsequently argued to be a phytosaur.[159][160] The type species is Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis. |  | ||||
| sp nov | Valid | Heckert, Lucas & Spielmann | Late Triassic | A doswelliid archosauromorph. Originally described as a species of Doswellia; Wynd et al. (2020) transferred it to the separate genus Rugarhynchos.[162] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Stocker | Late Triassic | A phytosaur. The type species is Protome batalaria. |
|
Archosaurs
[edit]The following is a summary of the archosaurs described in 2012
- 8 pseudosuchians
- 1 basal dinosauriform
- 40 non-avian dinosaurs
- 64 birds
- 9 pterosaurs
- 1 archosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement
Synapsids
[edit]Non-mammalian synapsids
[edit]Research
[edit]- A phylogenetic analysis of basal synapsids is published by Roger B. J. Benson (2012).[164]
New taxa
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Kurkin | Upper Permian | A dicynodont, a new genus for "Dicynodon" trautscholdi (Amalitzky, 1922) (considered to be a senior synonym of Vivaxosaurus permirus and assigned to the genus Vivaxosaurus by Kammerer et al., 2011).[166] "Dicynodon" amalitzkii (Sushkin, 1926) is considered by Kurkin (2012) to be a second species of Fortunodon[165] (Kammerer et al., 2011 classify it as the type species of the genus Peramodon.[166]) | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ivakhnenko | Middle Permian | A thrinaxodontid cynodont. The type species is Novocynodon kutorgai. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cisneros, Abdala, et al. | Guadalupian (Middle Permian) | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Das & Gupta | Early Triassic | A cynodont. The type species is Panchetocynodon damodarensis. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Butler, Sigogneau-Russell, & Ensom | Early Cretaceous | A possible morganucodontan. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ivakhnenko | Upper Permian | A procynosuchid cynodont. The type species is Sludica bulanovi. |
Mammals
[edit]The following is a summary of the mammals described in 2012
- 9 non-eutherian Mammals
- 24 eutherian Mammals
Other animals
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is A. murchisoni. | |||||
| Sp. nov. | Valid | Falconnet | Latest Carboniferous (Gzhelian) or earliest Permian (Asselian) | An amniote of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a bolosaurid and a species of Belebey; Spindler, Voigt & Fischer (2019) considered it to be a possible edaphosaurid synapsid instead.[173] | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is B. inserere. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Haug et al. | Carboniferous | A long-legged lobopodian. The type species is C. waloszeki. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Valent et al. | Middle Cambrian | A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Circotheca. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov. | Valid | Clites, Droser & Gehling | An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Coronacollina acula. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko | Fukuji Formation | A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Favositidae. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Duan, Dong & Donoghue | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is D. decorus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | López-Pérez | Pliocene | A stony coral, a species of Favia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | López-Pérez | Pliocene | A stony coral, a species of Favia. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Eocene to Miocene | A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae. | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | A nematode belonging to the family Mermithidae. | ||||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is L. cuspidus. | |||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Plusquellec, Tourneur & Fernández-Martínez in Racheboeuf et al. | Belén Formation | A tabulate coral belonging to the superfamily Pachyporoidea and the family Parastriatoporidae. | ||||
| Placosmilia? aliciae[179] | Sp. nov | Valid | López-Pérez | Pliocene | A stony coral belonging to the family Montlivaltiidae. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is P. linearis. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Valent et al. | Middle Cambrian | A member of Hyolitha. The type species is Probactrotheca briketa. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko, Haikawa & Fujikawa | Permian | Akiyoshi Limestone Group | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko, Haikawa & Fujikawa | Permian | Akiyoshi Limestone Group | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is R. bwlchi. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Spielmann & Lucas | Late Triassic | A vertebrate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Described on the basis of three postcanine teeth, considered to be teeth of a trirachodontid cynodont by Lucas et al. (1999)[183] and Spielmann and Lucas (2012).[182] On the other hand, Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) and Sidor and Hopson (2018) did not consider it likely that Redondagnathus was a member of Trirachodontidae, and Abdala, Neveling and Welman (2006) weren't even sure whether it was a cynodont.[184][185] The type species is Redondagnathus hunti. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Duan, Dong & Donoghue | ||||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | López-Pérez | Pliocene | A stony coral, a species of Siderastrea. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Baliński, Sun & Dzik | Early Ordovician | A black coral. The type species is S. reptans. | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | O'Brien & Caron | Middle Cambrian | A stem-bilaterian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a stalked filter feeder. The type species is S. gregarium. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko & Ibaraki | Carboniferous (Viséan) | A tabulate coral belonging to the group Auloporida. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko & Adachi | Gionyama Formation | A tabulate coral belonging to the group Favositida and the family Theciidae. | ||||
| Sp. nov | Valid | Niko | Early Carboniferous | Akiyoshi Limestone Group | ||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is U. ormrodi. | |||||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Botting et al. | A palaeoscolecid. The type species is W. eximia. |
Other organisms
[edit]| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov | Valid | Woelkerling, Bassi & Iryu | Quaternary | Reef terraces around Tahiti, | A red alga belonging to the family Corallinaceae, a species of Hydrolithon. | |||
| Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Krings & Taylor in Krings et al. | Middle Triassic | A fungus belonging to the group Endogonales. The type species is Jimwhitea circumtecta. |
References
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