Tolatecan languages

Tolatecan
(abandoned)
Geographic
distribution
Mesoamerica
Linguistic classificationProposed language family
Subdivisions
Language codes
GlottologNone

Tolatecan is a proposal by Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) linking two language families of Mesoamerica, Tequistlatecan (Chontal of Oaxaca) and Tol/Jicaque languages of Honduras.[1] Later, Campbell (1997) said that Tolatecan is not likely to be a valid language family.[2]

Vocabulary

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Below is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Proto-Jicaque and the Tequistlatecan languages.

gloss Proto-Jicaque[3] Huamelultec[4] Highland Chontal[5] Tequistlatec[6]
head *ha(y)pʰuk hwaj ƚiWak fa
hair *¢ʼil hwak’ ƚaWak fah
eye a’u ƚiʔi ’uh
ear *pʰa¢ʼ as’mas lišʔmas
nose *mik ’nał ƚiʔnat ’nali
tooth *wis a’ay’ lihaʔ ai’
tongue *pelam pał ƚipaƚ pala
mouth *mɨy-pʰini(h); *lala ak’o likó ko
hand *mas ? mane’ ƚimane
foot *tek 'leg' a’miš liʔmi¢
breast tyuwe latuwe pare
meat *pis išik’ lišik’ ci’
blood *kʼas hwac’ ƚaWa¢’ fas
bone *kʰele ekał lekaƚ
person *yom akwe’ kal šans
name puftyiñe ƚaftine
dog *¢ʰiyo(h) milya’ kal ¢iki tsigi
fish *kʰul atyu’ ƚatu tu’u
louse *tɨtʼ aykwix ƚaykwi
tree *yo(h) ’ex al ʔek
leaf ipela lipela pela
flower ipa’ lipaʔ pipi
water *sɨ(tʰ) axa’ lahaʔ xa
fire *kʼawa unkwa’ ƚuŋa ngwa
stone *pe(h) apix ƚapik pih
earth *(a)ma(h) amac’ ƚama¢’
salt *¢olim u’we ƚoʔwe weh
road ane’ lane ne
eat *la ? sago’ma lihaʔ 'food' te, tes
die *pɨʔ ? ma’ma timá ma
I *nap ? iya’ iyaʔ ya
you *hip ima’ imaʔ ma

References

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  1. ^ Campbell, Lyle, and David Oltrogge (1980). "Proto-Tol (Jicaque)." International Journal of American Linguistics, 46:205-223.
  2. ^ Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages, The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Campbell, Lyle and David Oltrogge. 1980. Proto-Tol (Jicaque). International Journal of American Linguistics 46: 205-223.
  4. ^ O'Connor, Loretta. 2014. Chontal de San Pedro Huamelula, Sierra baja de Oaxaca. (Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 33.) México: El Colegio de México.
  5. ^ Waterhouse, Viola. 1980. Chontal de la Sierra de Oaxaca. Archivo de Lenguas Indígenas de México, 7. México: Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigación para la Integración Social.
  6. ^ de Angulo, Jaime and Lucy S. Freeland. 1925. The Chontal Language (Dialect of Tequixistlan). Anthropos 20: 1032-1052.