von der Leyen Commission II

von der Leyen Commission II

8th Commission of the European Union
The College of Commissioners in 2024
Date formed1 December 2024
People and organisations
President of the CommissionUrsula von der Leyen (EPP, GER)
Total no. of commissioners27
Member parties
  •   EPP (13)
  •   PES (5)
  •   None (5)
  •   ALDE Party (3)
  •   ECR Party (1)
History
Election(s)2024 European Parliament election
Legislature term(s)Tenth
Predecessorvon der Leyen Commission I

The Second von der Leyen Commission is the current European Commission, in office since 1 December 2024. It consists of one commissioner from each of the member states of the European Union – including Ursula von der Leyen, its president, who is from Germany.[1][2]

The Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November with 51% of the majority, the least supported European Commission by the Parliament since 1993, when it was given the right to vote on the college.[3][4]

College of Commissioners

[edit]
Von der Leyen Commission II[5]
Portfolio Portrait Name EU Party
(N. Party) 		Member state Took office Left office Ref
President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen EPP
(CDU) 		 Germany 1 December 2024 [3]
Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition Teresa Ribera PES
(PSOE) 		 Spain 1 December 2024 [5]
Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies Henna Virkkunen EPP
(Kok) 		 Finland 1 December 2024 [5]
Executive Vice President and European Commissioner for Industry, SMEs, and the Single Market Stéphane Séjourné Independent[a]
(RE) 		 France 1 December 2024 [5]
Vice President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas ALDE
(ER) 		 Estonia 1 December 2024 [5]
Executive Vice-President and European Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs, and Social Rights Roxana Mînzatu PES
(PSD) 		 Romania 1 December 2024 [5]
Executive Vice-President and European Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development, and Cities Raffaele Fitto ECR
(FdI) 		 Italy 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations, and Transparency Maroš Šefčovič PES (susp.)
(Smer) 		 Slovakia 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Economy and Productivity, Implementation and Simplification Valdis Dombrovskis EPP
(V) 		 Latvia 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism Apostolos Tzitzikostas EPP
(ND) 		 Greece 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration Magnus Brunner EPP
(ÖVP) 		 Austria 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation Ekaterina Zaharieva EPP
(GERB) 		 Bulgaria 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Agriculture and Food Christophe Hansen EPP
(CSV) 		 Luxembourg 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Climate, Net-Zero and Clean Growth Wopke Hoekstra EPP
(CDA) 		 Netherlands 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration Piotr Serafin EPP
(PO) 		 Poland 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Environment, Water Resilience, and a Competitive Circular Economy Jessika Roswall EPP
(M) 		 Sweden 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union Maria Luís Albuquerque EPP
(PSD) 		 Portugal 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans Costas Kadis Independent  Cyprus 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Preparedness, Crisis Management, and Equality Hadja Lahbib ALDE
(MR) 		 Belgium 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture, and Sport Glenn Micallef PES
(PL) 		 Malta 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Energy and Housing Dan Jørgensen PES
(S) 		 Denmark 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Enlargement Marta Kos Independent[b]  Slovenia 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Mediterranean Dubravka Šuica EPP
(HDZ) 		 Croatia 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare Olivér Várhelyi Independent[c]  Hungary 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for International Partnerships Jozef Síkela Independent[d]
(STAN) 		 Czech Republic 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Defence and Space Andrius Kubilius EPP
(TS-LKD) 		 Lithuania 1 December 2024 [5]
European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, and the Rule of Law Michael McGrath ALDE
(FF) 		 Ireland 1 December 2024 [5]

Structure of the College

[edit]

[needs update] The second Ursula von der Leyen commission will be organized on three levels:

  1. president;
  2. executive vice presidents;
  3. commissioners.[6]

Regardless of the three-level structure of the commission, the president of the commission emphasized that all commissioners share collective responsibility for decisions made by the Commission.[6]

Commissioner groups

[edit]

According to portfolios the commissioner groups will be as following:[7][8]

President

  • Commissioner for Equality
  • Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification
  • Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight
  • Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration

Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

  • Commissioner for Enlargement
  • Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
  • Commissioner for the Mediterranean
  • Commissioner for International Partnerships

Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy (Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies)

  • Commissioner for Defence and Space
  • Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration
  • Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law
  • Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation

Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy (Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market)

  • Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
  • Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security
  • Commissioner for Economy and Productivity
  • Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union

Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms (Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities)

  • Commissioner for Enlargement
  • Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans
  • Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism
  • Commissioner for Agriculture and Food

Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness (Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights)

  • Commissioner for Mediterranean
  • Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
  • Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport
  • Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare

Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition (Commissioner for Competition)

  • Commissioner for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth
  • Commissioner for Environment, Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy
  • Commissioner for Energy and Housing
  • Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare

Formation

[edit]

Election of the President of the Commission

[edit]
See also: European Commission § Appointment, and 2024 European Parliament election

To be elected Commission President, a candidate must be proposed by the European Council with a reinforced qualified majority (at least 72% of the states representing at least 65% of the population) and receive a majority of the votes of the members of the European Parliament (at least 361 out of 720).[9][10][11]

On 17 June, an "informal meeting" of the European Council was held, where the heads of state and government discussed the next institutional cycle and their candidate for the Commission presidency.[12] On 25 June, negotiators from the EPP (Kyriakos Mitsotakis and Donald Tusk), PES (Pedro Sánchez and Olaf Scholz) and Renew Europe (Emmanuel Macron and Mark Rutte) reached a preliminary agreement on the nominations.[11][13]

On 27 June, during the European Council meeting, national leaders proposed Ursula von der Leyen (EPP) as candidate for President of the European Commission,[14] after being named the European People's Party nominee in March 2024.[15] Hungary's Viktor Orban voted against von der Leyen and abstained on Kallas. Italy's Giorgia Meloni abstained from the vote on von der Leyen but voted against Costa and Kallas for their posts.[16][17][18]

Proposal by the European Council
Required majority: at least 72% of the states representing at least 65% of the population
Public voting indication[16] Member states of the European Union
In favour
25 / 27
  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Ireland  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden
Against
1 / 27
  Hungary
Abstained
1 / 27
  Italy
Ursula von der Leyen during her statement for the candidacy of Commission President

In the following weeks, von der Leyen had bilateral meetings with EPP, S&D, Renew,[19] G/EFA[20] and ECR[21] groups to gather support for her re-election.[22] On 18 July, she presented to the European Parliament her "Political Guidelines", followed by a debate with MEPs.[23][24] Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected president of the European Commission in a secret ballot, with 401 votes in favour, 284 against, and 22 cast blank or invalid votes.[25][26]

Election by the European Parliament
Required majority
360 out of 719 checkY 		Public voting indication
(individual votes unknown, as the ballot was secret)
The Left S&D Greens/EFA Renew EPP ECR Patriots ESN NI
Position 46 136 53 77 188 78 84 25 32
Against ☒N[27] In favour checkY[28] In favour checkY[29] In favour checkY[30] In favour checkY[31] Free vote Gray X symbolNg[32] Against ☒N[33] Against ☒N[34]
In favour
401 / 719
 81 or more 39 or more 18 or more 97 or more 5 or more
Against
284 / 719
 25 or more 4 or more 11 or more 14 or more 10 or more Large majority
(self-declared)[32] 		58 or more All 25 All 32
Blank or Void
22 / 719
 2 or more

• Belgium PS (2)[43]

1 or more

• Czech Republic ODS (1)[58]

Non Voting
12 / 719
Total : 719[113] 46 136 53 77 188 78 84 25 32

Selection of the Commissioners

[edit]
See also: European Commission § Appointment

The President-elect of the European Union invites the member states to nominate commissioners in accordance with the rules set out in the Treaty on the European Union and by the European Council. The President-elect decides on the organisation of their Commission, reviews the nominees, and presents a college of Commissioners, with each nominated Commissioner being responsible for a specific policy portfolio. The President-elect also appoints Vice Presidents among the Commissioners[1][2][25] The President-elect's proposed College of Commissioners is reviewed by the European Parliament in committee hearings.[1][2][25]

Commissioner candidates

[edit]

On 25 July 2024, President-elect Ursula von der Leyen sent the letters to member states asking them to officially nominate candidates for the post of European Commissioner before 30 August 2024.[114][115][116] As she did with her first commission, von der Leyen called for member states to each nominate two candidates for the European Commission, a woman and a man.[117] However, Bulgaria is the only country to have followed Von der Leyen's request.[118] All the other leaders of EU member states have each nominated only one candidate, and most of them are men.[119][116] Romania originally put forward socialist MEP Victor Negrescu but later put forward MEP Roxana Mînzatu, switching a male nominee for a female nominee.[120]

Percentage of Commissioners nominee by gender[121][122]
Male
 
 59.3% (16)
Female
 
 40.7% (11)
Percentage of Commissioners nominee by European political party[121][122]
EPP
 
 48.1% (13)
PES
 
 18.5% (5)
Ind.
 
 14.8% (5)
ALDE
 
 11.1% (3)
ECR
 
 3.7% (1)

On 17 September 2024, Ursula von der Leyen announced in a press conference the college of commissioners and their portfolios.[123][124] The share of women in the proposed commission is 40.7%, down from 44.4 percent in 2019.[125] The average age of the new Commission nominees is 52, dropping from 56 in 2019.[125] In terms of structure, there are six Executive Vice-Presidents, down from 7 (with 3 executive vice-presidents) in 2019. The proposed College includes five returning commissioners: three of them are for a second mandate (Šuica, Várhelyi, Hoekstra), while Dombrovskis would return for a third term, and Šefčovič for a fourth term. The portfolio repartition reflects the declared priorities, with a strong focus on competitiveness, industrial policy and defence.[122][126]

On 19 September 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted, by common accord with the President-elect of the Commission, the list of persons whom it proposes for appointment as members of the Commission to the European Parliament.[127]

Commissioner nominees by member state
Commissioner[121][122] Hearing Ref.
Name Gender EU Party
(N. Party) 		Member state Assigned Portfolio[124] Date[128] Committee[129] Decision
Magnus Brunner M EPP
(ÖVP) 		 Austria Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration November 5, 2024
LIBE
DEVE
Confirmed [130]
Hadja Lahbib F ALDE
(MR) 		 Belgium Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management
Commissioner for Equality[e] 		November 6, 2024
DEVE FEMM
LIBE ENVI
EMPL SANT
Confirmed [131][132]
Ekaterina Zaharieva F EPP
(GERB) 		 Bulgaria Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation November 5, 2024
ITRE
CULT
Confirmed
Dubravka Šuica F EPP
(HDZ) 		 Croatia Commissioner for Mediterranean November 5, 2024
AFET
EMPL LIBE DROI
Confirmed [133]
Costas Kadis M Ind.  Cyprus Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans November 6, 2024
PECH
ENVI
Confirmed [134]
Jozef Síkela M Ind.[d]
(STAN) 		 Czech Republic Commissioner for International Partnerships November 6, 2024
DEVE
AFET FEMM
INTA LIBE
Confirmed [135][136]
Dan Jørgensen M PES
(S) 		 Denmark Commissioner for Energy and Housing November 5, 2024
ITRE EMPL
ENVI REGI
IMCO ECON
Confirmed [137]
Kaja Kallas F ALDE
(ER) 		 Estonia Vice-President and High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy November 12, 2024
AFET
DEVE INTA FEMM
DROI SEDE
Confirmed [138]
Henna Virkkunen F EPP
(Kok) 		 Finland Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy and Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies November 12, 2024
ITRE IMCO
LIBE JURI
SEDE CULT
Confirmed [139][140]
Stéphane Séjourné M ALDE[a]
(RE) 		 France Executive Vice-President for Prosperity and Industrial Strategy and Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market November 12, 2024
ITRE IMCO
ENVI ECON
INTA EMPL
BUDG JURI
Confirmed [141]
Ursula von der Leyen F EPP
(CDU) 		 Germany President Elected by the European Parliament on 18 July 2024 [142]
Apostolos Tzitzikostas M EPP
(ND) 		 Greece Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism November 4, 2024
TRAN
ENVI
Confirmed [143]
Olivér Várhelyi M Ind.[c]  Hungary Commissioner for Health and Animal Welfare November 6, 2024
ENVI AGRI
ITRE SANT
Confirmed [144]
Michael McGrath M ALDE
(FF) 		 Ireland Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and the Rule of Law November 4, 2024
LIBE IMCO JURI
AFCO CULT BUDG
CONT FEMM
Confirmed [145]
Raffaele Fitto M ECR
(FdI) 		 Italy Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms and Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development and Cities November 12, 2024
REGI
TRAN BUDG PECH
EMPL ECON
Confirmed [146]
Valdis Dombrovskis M EPP
(V) 		 Latvia Commissioner for Economy and Productivity
Commissioner for Implementation and Simplification[e] 		November 7, 2024
ECON JURI
BUDG AFCO EMPL
IMCO FISC
Confirmed [147][148]
Andrius Kubilius M EPP
(TS–LKD) 		 Lithuania Commissioner for Defence and Space November 6, 2024
AFET ITRE
TRAN SEDE
Confirmed [149]
Christophe Hansen M EPP
(CSV) 		 Luxembourg Commissioner for Agriculture and Food November 4, 2024
AGRI
PECH ENVI
Confirmed [150]
Glenn Micallef M PES
(PL) 		 Malta Commissioner for Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture and Sport November 4, 2024
CULT
EMPL LIBE JURI
Confirmed [151]
Wopke Hoekstra M EPP
(CDA) 		 Netherlands Commissioner for Climate, Net-Zero and Clean Growth November 7, 2024
ENVI ITRE ECON
TRAN EMPL FISC
Confirmed [152]
Piotr Serafin M EPP
(PO) 		 Poland Commissioner for Budget, Anti-Fraud and Public Administration November 7, 2024
BUDG CONT
LIBE JURI
Confirmed [153]
Maria Luís Albuquerque F EPP
(PSD) 		 Portugal Commissioner for Financial Services and the Savings and Investments Union November 6, 2024
ECON
IMCO LIBE
Confirmed [154]
Roxana Mînzatu F PES
(PSD) 		 Romania Executive Vice-President for People, Skills and Preparedness and Commissioner for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs and Social Rights November 12, 2024
EMPL CULT
FEMM LIBE
Confirmed [120]
Maroš Šefčovič M PES (susp.)
(Smer) 		 Slovakia Commissioner for Trade and Economic Security
Commissioner for Interinstitutional Relations and Transparency[e] 		November 4, 2024
INTA AFCO
AFET IMCO PETI
DEVE JURI
Confirmed [155]
Marta Kos F Ind.[b]  Slovenia Commissioner for Enlargement November 7, 2024
AFET
LIBE AFCO DROI
Confirmed [156][157]
Teresa Ribera F PES
(PSOE) 		 Spain Executive Vice-President for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition and Commissioner for Competitiveness November 12, 2024
ENVI ECON ITRE
IMCO EMPL TRAN
REGI AGRI
Confirmed [158][159]
Jessika Roswall F EPP
(M) 		 Sweden Commissioner for Environment, Water Resilience and a Competitive Circular Economy November 5, 2024
ENVI
IMCO ITRE AGRI
Confirmed [160]
Hearings:
  Responsible Committee
  Invited Committee

Hearings

[edit]

According to the Rule 129 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the confirmation hearings are conducted by the appropriate committee or committees for each commissioner.[161] According to the Annex VII of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament, the parliament has to evaluate Commissioners-designate based on their general competence, European commitment and personal independence. It has to assess knowledge of their prospective portfolio and their communication skills.[162] Historically, the European Parliament has rejected at least one candidate during every mandate since 2004.[163]

On 3 October 2024, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament agreed on the calendar for the hearings to be held from 4 November to 12 November, and decided on the division of responsibilities among committees for the confirmation hearings.[164]

Election of the Commission

[edit]

The College of Commissioners are subjected to the confirmation by a majority of the votes cast by the European Parliament. On 27 November, the new Commission was approved by Parliament, with 370 MEPs voting in favour, 282 against, and 36 abstentions. This corresponds to a 51% majority, the least supported European Commission by the Parliament since 1993, when it was given the right to vote on the college., and fewer than the 401 MEPs who voted for the election of the Ursula Von der Leyen as Commission President.[3][4]

After being approved by the Parliament, the Commission will be formally appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority.[1][2][164]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Renaissance is in the Renew Europe Group but does not belong to any European party.
  2. ^ a b Affiliated to GS, which is affiliated to the Renew Europe Group.
  3. ^ a b Affiliated to Fidesz, which is affiliated to the PfE Group.[122]
  4. ^ a b Mayors and Independents is in the EPP Group but does not belong to any European party.
  5. ^ a b c Hadja Lahbib (Belgium), Valdis Dombrovskis (Latvia) and Maroš Šefčovič (Slovakia) have each been assigned two portfolios. For the second portfolio (Equality, Implementation and Simplification, Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight) each of them will be reporting directly to the president of the Commission.

References

[edit]
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  57. ^ All three TS-LKD MEPs announced their support:
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  75. ^ Engin Eroglu [@EnginEroglu_FW] (18 July 2024). "Als FREIE WÄHLER haben wir schon im letzten Mandat gegen Ursula #vonderLeyen gestimmt und ich sehe keinen Grund, unsere Meinung zu ändern" (Tweet). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter.
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  80. ^ SD i Europaparlamentet [@sdeuparlamentet] (18 July 2024). "Ursula @vonderleyen förtjänar inte fem år till" (Tweet). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter.
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  85. ^ Има Такъв Народ (18 July 2024). "🍀⚔️🍀 Ивайло Вълчев e "против" кандидатурата на Урсула фон дер Лайен за председател на EK" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook.
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  87. ^ Rassemblement National [@RNational_off] (18 July 2024). "🔴 Vos élus RN - @PatriotesEurope - se sont opposés à la réélection d'U. von der Leyen à la tête de la Commission européenne !" (Tweet) (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter.
  88. ^ Lega - Salvini Premier [@LegaSalvini] (18 July 2024). "💪 La Lega e il gruppo dei Patrioti per l'Europa vota compatta NO a Ursula!" (Tweet) (in Italian). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Twitter.
  89. ^ VOX España (18 July 2024). "VOX se aparta del consenso de socialistas, populares, verdes y extrema izquierda" (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 July 2024 – via Facebook.
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  93. ^ AfD im EU-Parlament (17 July 2024). "+++ Christine Anderson: "Ursula von der Leyen ist unwählbar! +++" (in German). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook.
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