舍朱奔语支 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
舍朱奔语支 | |
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布贡语支、Kho-Bwa(火水) | |
地理分佈 | 喜马拉雅山东麓 |
谱系学分类 | 漢藏語系
|
分支 | |
语言代码 | |
ISO 639-3 | 分別為:sdp – 舍朱奔语onp – 萨尔当语cvg – 楚格语lsh – 利西语suv – 苏龙语bgg – 布贡语 |
Glottolog | khob1235[1] |
舍朱奔语支 ,也称为 卡門语支 (Kamengic),是西藏藏南地区使用的一小类语言。Kho-Bwa 这个名字最初是由 George van Driem(2001)提出的。它基于重建的单词 *kho(“水”)和 *bwa(“火”)。Blench(2011)建议将用卡門 Kameng 地区命名为卡門语支(Kamengic)。另外,Anderson(2014)[2]将舍朱奔语支称为北卡門语支(Northeast Kamengic)。
Van Driem 和 Blench 都将舍朱奔语(Sherdukpen 或 Mey)、利西语(Lishpa 或 Khispi)、楚格语(Chug 或 Duhumbi)和 萨尔当语(Sartang)语言归为一类。它们形成了一个语组,并且明显相关。Van Driem (2001)将苏龙语(Sulung 或 Puroik)和布贡语(Bugun 或 Khowa)语言纳入该语支,但 Blench (2023) 暂时将其视为独立的语言,与卡門语支没有证明的关系。[3]
这些语言传统上被归入藏缅语族,但其合理性有待商榷。这些语言受到邻近的汉藏语系的强烈影响,可能是纯粹的区域效应。[4]
根据2000年的估计,整个语系约有15,000人(包括苏龙语)或大约10,000人(不包括苏龙语)。
Abraham等人(2018)也对舍朱奔语支的语言进行了词汇表和社会语言学调查。
分类
[编辑]舍朱奔语支的内部结构如下。
Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)
[编辑]Lieberherr & Bodt (2017)[5] 认为布瑞语是一种舍朱奔语支语言,并将舍朱奔语支分类如下:
- 舍朱奔语支
- 布瑞语
- 布贡语
- 西舍朱奔语支
- 舍朱奔语, 萨尔当语
- 楚格语 (Duhumbi), 利西语 (Khispi)
Tresoldi et al. (2022)
[编辑]根据Tresoldi等人(2022)的计算系统发育分析,舍朱奔语支的系统发育树大致如下:[6]
- 舍朱奔语支
- 西分支
- 杜洪比–基斯皮语组(Duhumbi–Khispi 或 Chug–Lish):杜洪比语(Chug),基斯皮语(Lish)
- 梅伊–萨尔当语组:谢尔冈 Shergaon,鲁帕 Rupa,杰里加翁 Jerigaon,科伊纳 Khoina,拉洪 Rahung,科伊塔姆 Khoitam
- 布贡语
- A分支
- 布鲁 Bulu,拉瓦 Rawa,科乔 Kojo,罗乔 Rojo
- 萨里奥萨里亚 Sario Saria,拉苏姆帕特 Lasumpatte,查扬塔乔 Chayangtajo
- B分支
- 纳姆弗里 Namphri,卡斯皮 Kaspi
- 旺霍 Wangho,迪克扬 Dikhyang
- 辛查昂 Singchaung,比乔姆 Bichom
- A分支
- 西分支
词汇
[编辑]下表的舍朱奔语支基本词汇项目来自Blench (2015)。[7]
Gloss | 舍朱奔语 (谢尔冈) | 舍朱奔语 (鲁帕) | 萨尔当语 (杰里加翁) | 萨尔当语 (拉洪) | 利西语 (基斯皮) | 楚格语 (杜洪比) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
one | hǎn | han | hèn | hân | hin | hin |
two | ɲǐt | ɲik | nìk | ně | ɲes | niʃ |
three | ùŋ | uŋ | ùŋ | ùún | ʔum | om |
four | pʰʃì | bsi | sì | psì | pʰəhi | psi |
five | kʰù | kʰu | kʰù | kʰu | kʰa | kʰa |
six | ʧùk | kit | ʧìk | ʨěy | ʧʰuʔ | ʧyk |
seven | ʃìt | sit | sìk | sǐ, sě | ʃis | his |
eight | sàʤát | sarʤat | sàrgè | sàrʤɛ́ | saɾgeʔ | saɾgeʔ |
nine | tʰkʰí | dʰikʰi | tʰkʰì | tɛ̀kʰɯ́ | ṱʰikʰu | ṱʰikʰu |
ten | sɔ̀ ̃ | sõ | sã̀ | sɔ | ʃan | ʃan |
head | kʰruk | kʰruk | kʰrǔk | kʰruʔ | kʰoloʔ | kʰloʔ |
nose | nupʰuŋ | nəfuŋ | nfùŋ | apʰuŋ | hempoŋ | heŋpʰoŋ |
eye | khibi | kivi | kábì | kʰaʔby | kʰumu | kʰum |
ear | kʰtùŋ | gtʰiŋ | gtʰìŋ | ktèíŋ | kʰutʰuŋ | kʰutʰuŋ |
tongue | laphõ | lapon | ? | le | loi | loi |
tooth | nuthuŋ | tokʧe | mísìŋ | nitʰiŋ | ʃiŋtuŋ | hintuŋ |
arm | ik | ik | ìk | ik | hu | hut |
leg | là | lapon | lɛ̌ | lɛ̌ | lei | lai |
belly | ʃrìŋ | sliŋ | srìŋ | sriŋ | hiɲiŋ | hiliŋ |
bone | skìk | skik | àhík | skik | ʃukuʃ | ʃukuʃ |
blood | hà | ha(a) | hɛ̀ | ha | hoi | hoi |
face | dòŋpù | bo | mi | zə̀í | doʔ | doŋpa |
tooth | ntùŋ | tokʧe | mísìŋ | ptə̀íŋ | ʃiŋtuŋ | hintuŋ |
stomach | àlà | karbu | ʧàk | phriŋ | hiɲiŋ | hiliŋ |
mouth | ʧàw | nəʧaw | so | ʨʨǒ | hoʧok | kʰoʧu |
rain | ʧuuma | nimi | nʧʰù | ʧuʧuba | namu | namu |
See also
[编辑]- 舍朱奔语支比较词汇表(维基词典)
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Ismail Lieberherr and Timotheus Adrianus Bodt. (2017) Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. Himalayan Linguistics 16(2). 26–63. Paper (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.2553234)
- Binny Abraham, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, Isapdaile Zeliang (2018). Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2018–009. (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3537601)
- Bodt, T. and J.-M. List (2019). Testing the predictive strength of the comparative method: An ongoing experiment on unattested words in Western Kho-Bwa languages. Papers in Historical Phonology 4.1. 22–44. doi:10.2218/pihph.4.2019.3037 (CLDF Dataset on Zenodo doi:10.5281/zenodo.3537604)
- Bodt, Timotheus A.; List, Johann-Mattis. Reflex prediction: A case study of Western Kho-Bwa. Diachronica. 2021. doi:10.1075/dia.20009.bod
.
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Kho-Bwa. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
- ^ Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2014. On the classification of the Hruso (Aka) language. Paper presented at the 20th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
- ^ What is the evidence that the isolate languages of Arunachal Pradesh are genuinely Trans-Himalayan?
- ^ Blench (2011): "Certainly, the phonology and morphology of Arunachali languages looks superficially like Tibeto-Burman, which explains their placing in the Linguistic Survey of India. Unfortunately, this is rather where matters have remained [... this paper] proposes we should take seriously the underlying presumption probably implied in Konow's statement in Linguistic Survey of India. Volume III, 1, Tibeto-Burman family, Calcutta (1909:572)], that these languages may not be Sino-Tibetan but simply have been influenced by it; that they are language isolates."
- ^ Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).
- ^ Tiago Tresoldi; Christoph Rzymski; Robert Forkel; Simon J. Greenhill; Johann-Mattis List; Russell D. Gray. Managing Historical Linguistic Data for Computational Phylogenetics and Computer-Assisted Language Comparison. The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. The MIT Press. 2022: 345–354. ISBN 978-0-262-36607-6. doi:10.7551/mitpress/12200.003.0033.
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2015. The Mey languages and their classification. Presentation given at the University of Sydney, 21 August 2015.
- George van Driem (2001) Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region. Brill.
- Blench, Roger. 2011. (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconsidering the evidence
- Lieberherr, Ismael; Bodt, Timotheus Adrianus. 2017. Sub-grouping Kho-Bwa based on shared core vocabulary. In Himalayan Linguistics, 16(2).
- Abraham, Binny, Kara Sako, Elina Kinny, Isapdaile Zeliang. 2018. Sociolinguistic Research among Selected Groups in Western Arunachal Pradesh: Highlighting Monpa. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2018–009.
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